Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(2):79-85

An analysis of the association between genotype and antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates                                 
 


VICENTE AGUADERO, CARMEN GONZÁLEZ-VELASCO, ANA VINDEL, MIGUEL GONZÁLEZ-VELASCO, JUAN JOSÉ MORENO              

 

Genotyping methods are useful resources for the surveillance, detection, prevention and control of multidrug-resistant nosocomial agents, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). An understanding of the association between genotype and antibiotic susceptibility in MRSA clones may be useful in the surveillance of MRSA and to avoid inappropriate treatment future resistance. We genotyped MRSA clinical isolates from the Extremadura region of Spain using pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE) and analyzed the spectrum of antibiotic susceptibility for each isolate to determine whether resistance is associated with specific genotypes. PFGE revealed six major genotypes: E8a (25%), E7b (17%), E7a (12%), E8B (8%), E10 (6%), and E20 (4%). Isolates with the genotypes E8a and E10 exhibit higher resistance ratios for levofloxacin than isolates with the other major pulsotypes. Similar results were obtained for isolates with the E20 pulsotype with respect to mupirocin. Although we identified no vancomycin-, tigecycline-, linezolid- or daptomycin-resistant strains, we observed significant differences in the mean MIC values obtained for some of these drugs among the major genotypes. Specifically, isolates with the E7b, E8b, and E20 genotypes have signif-icantly higher MICs of tigecycline, vancomycin and linezolid, respectively, than the most sensitive pulsotypes. Isolates with the E8b profile also exhibit a significantly higher rate of re-duced vancomycin susceptibility (RVS) (i.e., MIC between 1 and 2 mg/L) than clones with the E10 and E8a profiles. In conclusion, we report associations between genotype and antibiotic sensitivity that should be considered in programs for monitor-ing and controlling MRSA in health care settings.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(2):79-85 [pdf]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(4):207-209

Characterization of daptomycin non-susceptible Enterococcus faecium producing urinary tract infection in a renal transplant recipient      

                          

ANTONIO SORLÓZANO, DIANA PANESSO, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ, CESAR A ARIAS, JOSÉ GUTIÉRREZ-FERNÁNDEZ              

Objectives. Characterization of a urine isolate of daptomycin non-susceptible Enterococcus faecium recovered from a patient with kidney transplantation and no history of daptomycin exposure.
Methods. After isolation in a urine sample, identification of E. faecium was confirmed by amplification of the E. faecium-specific gene encoding D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase (ddl) and daptomycin susceptibility testing was performed by E-test on cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton agar. In order to determine the genetic bases of daptomycin resistance, the open reading frames of five genes previously associated with daptomycin resistance in enterococci were sequenced.
Results. Substitutions in the response regulator LiaR (S19F) and cardiolipin synthase (R218Q) were identified.
Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first characterization of emerging daptomycin resistance in E. faecium in a Spanish hospital in the absence of daptomycin exposure and in a renal transplant recipient.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(4):207-209 [pdf]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(Suppl. 1):54-56

Is it possible to cure HIV infection?     

                        
 CAROLINA GUTIÉRREZ, NADIA P. MADRID, SANTIAGO MORENO              

Antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the life expectancy in HIV-infected people, but it cannot cure the disease by itself. Several barriers have been identified for the cure of HIV infection, including a reservoir of latently infected cells, persistent viral replication in tissues, and anatomical sanctuaries. The main strategy proposed for the cure of HIV consists on the administration of drugs that, through the reactivation of latent HIV, would eliminate the cell reservoir. Ongoing clinical trials have shown the proof of concept, but the efficacy of these drugs in decreasing the reservoir size has not been proved so far.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2015:28(Suppl. 1):54-56 [pdf]

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