RESUMEN
Se ha estudiado la sensibilidad in vitro a la amfotericina B, el fluconazol, el itraconazol, el ketoconazol y la 5-fluorocitosina, mediante el método comercializado Sensititre® (AccuMed, USA), de 250 aislamientos clínicos procedentes de distintos hospitales y pertenecientes a los géneros Candida (151 C. albicans, 15 C. krusei, 14 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. tropicalis, 10 C. glabrata, 4 C. guilliermondii, 3 C. rugosa, 2 C. viswanathii, 2 C. famata y 2 C. kefyr), Cryptococcus (32 C. neoformans y 1 C. laurentii), Trichosporon (2 aislamientos) y Rhodotorula (1 aislamiento). Todas las cepas estudiadas eran sensibles a la amfotericina B y mostraron una CMI <1 mg/l. La sensibilidad de C. albicans (CMI90 <256 mg/l), C. krusei (CMI90 <64 mg/l) y C. glabrata (CMI90 <64 mg/l) y C. neoformans (CMI90 32 mg/l) era menor para el fluconazol (14% resistentes y 16,8% sensibles dependiendo de la dosis). Para el itraconazol, el mayor número de cepas resistentes se observó en las especies C. albicans y C. glabrata (17,2% resistentes y 24% sensibles y sensibles dependiendo de la dosis, respectivamente). El ketoconazol y la 5-fluorocitosina no fueron eficaces in vitro contra el 12,8% y el 2% de todos los aislamientos estudiados. Nueve C. krusei y siete C. neoformans (21,9%) fueron sensibles a la 5-fluorocitosina dependiendo de la dosis.
Palabras clave: Sensititre® - Sensibilidad - Antifúngicos - Levaduras - Amfotericina B - Fluconazol - Itraconazol - Ketoconazol - 5-fluorocitosina
SUMMARY
Using Sensititre® (AccuMed, USA) we studied the in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine against 250 clinical yeast isolates taken from different hospitals, including Candida (151 C. albicans, 15 C. krusei, 14 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. tropicalis, 10 C. glabrata, 4 C. guilliermondii, 3 C. rugosa, 2 C. viswanathii, 2 C. famata and 2 C. kefyr), Cryptococcus (32 C. neoformans and 1 C. laurentii), Trichosporon (2 isolates) and Rhodotorula rubra (1 isolate). All the strains were susceptible to amphotericin B and showed an MIC <1 mg/l. The susceptibility of C. albicans (MIC90 <256 mg/l), C. krusei (MIC90 <64 mg/l), C. glabrata (MIC90 <64 mg/l) and C. neoformans (MIC90 32 mg/l) to fluconazole was lower (14% isolates being resistant and 16.8% susceptible depending on the dose). The largest number of strains resistant to itraconazole was observed in C. albicans and C. glabrata (17.2% resistant and 24% susceptible and susceptible depending on the dose, respectively). Ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were not effective in vitro against 12.8% and 2%, respectively, of all the isolates studied. Nine C. krusei and seven C. neoformans (12.9%) showed dose-dependent susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine.
Key words: Sensititre® - Susceptibility - Antifungal agents - Yeasts - Amphotericin B - Fluconazole - Itraconazole - Ketoconazole - 5-fluorocytosine