Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(2):107-111

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: changes in the susceptibility pattern to daptomycin during a 10-year period (2001-2010)  

J. J. PICAZO, C. BETRIU, E. CULEBRAS, I. RODRÍGUEZ-AVIAL, M. GÓMEZ, F. LÓPEZ-FABAL AND VIRA GROUP           

 

Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of daptomycin and other agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected from 2001 to 2010, in order to determine changes and to detect resistance trends.
Methods. The study included a total of 1,130 MRSA isolates collected as part of a multicenter surveillance program for antibiotic resistance, Estudio de Vigilancia de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (VIRA study), from 51 medical centers throughout Spain between 2001 and 2010. Broth microdilution test was performed according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
Results. Daptomycin showed excellent activity and maintained its activity over time; only one MRSA isolate collected in 2001 was nonsusceptible to this agent (MIC=2 mg/L). Based on the MIC90, daptomycin was 2-4 dilutions more active than vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Daptomycin retained activity against MRSA isolates that were resistant to linezolid, to quinupristin-dalfopristin, or showed intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin.
Conclusions. Our data and those of other studies, coupled with daptomycin’s rapid bactericidal activity, suggest that this antimicrobial could be an alternative in the treatment of severe infections caused by multiresistant S. aureus.

 
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Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(4):217-222

Nosocomial infection following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery           


D. N. NAN, M. FERNÁNDEZ-AYALA, C. FARIÑAS-ÁLVAREZ, R. MONS, J. GONZÁLEZ-MACÍAS, M. C. FARIÑAS                  

Objectives: To assess the incidence and risk factors for nosocomial infection after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).
Methods: Prospective cohort study of all consecutive patients who underwent VATS surgery during 20 months. Patients were visited on a daily basis and followed up until they were discharged from the hospital
Results: During the study period 217 patients (70.1% men; mean age, 50.9 years, range 15-85 years) underwent VATS. Fourteen (6%) episodes of postoperative infection were diagnosed in 13 patients, including pneumonia (n = 2), lower respiratory tract infection (n = 9), surgical site infection (n = 2), and urinary tract infection (n = 1). Prior inmunosupresion (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-4.84), prior infections (OR, 14.9; 95% CI 1.91-116.5), preoperative stay > 2 days (OR, 3.37; 95% CI 1.00-11.40), neoplasia (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.94-7.06) duration of surgery > 45 minutes (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.00-36.40) and presence of central venous catheter (OR, 16.40; 95% CI, 2.29-117.20), were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection.
Conclusions: Nosocomial infection rate after VATS was low. Respiratory infection was the most common infection. Factors which affect patient immunity, preoperative stay and perioperative-related variables were independently associated with infection. 

 
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Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(3):117-122

Empirical antifungal treatment: a valid alternative for invasive fungal infection  

C. VALLEJO, J. BARBERÁN           

 

Empirical antifungal therapy refers to initiation of an antifungal agent at the first possible clinical evidence of fungal infection. It is frequently recommended in neutropenic highrisk hematological patients of invasive fungal infection in order to guarantee an early approach. An extensive review is made of therapeutic advances and scientific evidence in this setting. Specific recommendations for use and criteria for selection of antifungal agents are discussed.

 
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Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(4):223-232

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative organisms from intraabdominal infections and evolution of isolates with extended spectrum β-lactamases in the SMART study in Spain (2002-2010)           


R. CANTÓN, E. LOZA, J. AZNAR, J. CALVO, E. CERCENADO, R. CISTERNA, F. GONZÁLEZ, J. L. LÓPEZ, C. RUBIO, A. I. SUÁREZ, F. TUBAU, I. WEBER, P. YUSTE, R. CAVANILLAS y grupo de trabajo SMART-España                   

Introduction. The SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance study records the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacilli obtain from intraabdominal infections with special focus in isolates with extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).
Material and Methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 8,869 isolates was analyzed by microdilution during the SMART study performed in Spain from 2002 to 2010. Isolates were recovered in 16 centres.
Results. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen (60.9% from intraabdominal infections acquired in the community and 49.9% in those from nosocomial origin) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9% vs 9.2%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more common in intraabdominal infections from nosocomial origin (5.6% community and 8.6% nosocomial). Frequency of ESBL-producing isolates was: E. coli, 8.7%; K. pneumoniae, 8.4%; Klebsiella oxytoca, 1.4%; and Proteus mirabilis, 1.6%. Overall, ESBL-producing isolates were more frequently isolated from elderly patients (6.8% >60 years). Ertapenem and meropenem were the most active antimicrobials (susceptibility range with EUCAST criteria, 89.0-100%) when considering all Enterobacteriaceae isolates and also against ESBL producers (95.5-100%). Susceptibility of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam was lower, particularly among ESBL-producing isolates. Nevertheless, ertapenem maintained a good activity (susceptibility >95%) in ESBL-producers that were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, piperacillin/tazobactam or fluoroquinolones.
Conclusions. Antimicrobial susceptibility data from the SMART-Spain study reinforce current therapeutic guidelines of intraabdominal infections that include ertapenem as the empirical choice for treatment. This is also supported by the high frequency of ESBL-producers in our geographic area. 

 
Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(4):223-232 [pdf]

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