Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(2):99-106

Consumption of antibiotics of the general population of Segovia area during the period between 1999 to 2007    

J. M. PINILLA, J. M. EIROS, F. ARAHUETES, S. VEGA, E. MORENO          

 

Introduction. The antibiotics are the medicaments most used after the analgesics, being prescribed more than 85 % in Primary Care. The aim of the study is to analyze the evolution of the prescription of antibiotics of systemic use in the general population of the Area of Segovia, during the years 1999-2007 and to know his trends evolution.
Material and methods. Antibiotics prescribed to the general population on the part of the Family physicians were processed using the information system of drugstore “CONCYLIA” that supplies the information in the shape of defined daily dose (DDD), transformed later into the indicator DHD (DDD for 1.000 inhabitants per day) taking as a base the population information of sanitary card.
Results. The global prescription of antibiotics of systemic use was high, 18,06 DHD (IC:17,22-18,90), with a variable evolution along the study in the shape of basin of low concavity. The percentage of prescription of penicillins was 64.42 % of the total of prescriptions corresponding to the group J01.
Conclusions. The prescription in the Area of Segovia has presented a contained consumption in relation to other studies, showing differences in the volume of prescription from each the subgroups. The centralization of the consumption emphasizes in the subgroup of penicillins that supposed almost two third parts of the prescribed DDD. A change in the habits of prescription is observed detailing a decrease of the amoxicillin use and an increase of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. 

 
Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(2):99-106 [pdf]

/por

Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(2):107-111

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: changes in the susceptibility pattern to daptomycin during a 10-year period (2001-2010)  

J. J. PICAZO, C. BETRIU, E. CULEBRAS, I. RODRÍGUEZ-AVIAL, M. GÓMEZ, F. LÓPEZ-FABAL AND VIRA GROUP           

 

Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of daptomycin and other agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected from 2001 to 2010, in order to determine changes and to detect resistance trends.
Methods. The study included a total of 1,130 MRSA isolates collected as part of a multicenter surveillance program for antibiotic resistance, Estudio de Vigilancia de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (VIRA study), from 51 medical centers throughout Spain between 2001 and 2010. Broth microdilution test was performed according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
Results. Daptomycin showed excellent activity and maintained its activity over time; only one MRSA isolate collected in 2001 was nonsusceptible to this agent (MIC=2 mg/L). Based on the MIC90, daptomycin was 2-4 dilutions more active than vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Daptomycin retained activity against MRSA isolates that were resistant to linezolid, to quinupristin-dalfopristin, or showed intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin.
Conclusions. Our data and those of other studies, coupled with daptomycin’s rapid bactericidal activity, suggest that this antimicrobial could be an alternative in the treatment of severe infections caused by multiresistant S. aureus.

 
Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(2):107-111 [pdf]

/por

Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(3):117-122

Empirical antifungal treatment: a valid alternative for invasive fungal infection  

C. VALLEJO, J. BARBERÁN           

 

Empirical antifungal therapy refers to initiation of an antifungal agent at the first possible clinical evidence of fungal infection. It is frequently recommended in neutropenic highrisk hematological patients of invasive fungal infection in order to guarantee an early approach. An extensive review is made of therapeutic advances and scientific evidence in this setting. Specific recommendations for use and criteria for selection of antifungal agents are discussed.

 
Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(3):117-122 [pdf]

/por

Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(3):123-126

Side effects of benznidazole treatment in a cohort of patients with Chagas disease in non-endemic country    

B. CARRILERO, L. MURCIA, L. MARTINEZ-LAGE, M. SEGOVIA           

 

Chagas disease is a disease endemic in Latin America, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole is the most commonly used drug for the etiological treatment of the disease although its effectiveness varies according to the phase of the same and toxic side effects are frequent. This prospective study describes the side effects of benznidazole treatment of a cohort of 373 chronic patients. Of these 40.2% presented adverse reactions. The most frequent side effect were dermatological reactions 32.4% (121 of 373) followed by digestive intolerance 9.1% (34 of 373). Surprisingly, three cases of migratory arthritis were observed. Patients treated with benznidazole must be followed up so that the long term incidence of side effects can be studied.

 
Rev Esp Quimioter 2011:24(3):123-126 [pdf]

/por