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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(6):623-630

Association between antibiotic pressure and the risk of colonization/infection by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex: a time series analysis

MARÍA HUERTAS VAQUERO, MARÍA ÁNGELES ASENCIO EGEA, RAFAEL CARRANZA GONZÁLEZ, ANTONIO PADILLA SERRANO, MARÍA CARMEN CONDE, GARCÍA, JOSÉ MARÍA TENIAS BURILLO, OLGA REDONDO GONZÁLEZ

Published: 6 October 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/061.2021

Introduction. To analyze the association between antibiotic pressure and the risk of colonization/infection by Acinetobacter baumannii complex (AB), evaluating both the individual and general prescriptions of antibiotics.
Methods. This is an analytical, observational, case-control study on patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) during an AB outbreak (14 months). A five-year time series was constructed with the monthly incidence of cases of infection/colonization with strains of AB resistant to each antibiotic administered and with the monthly consumption of these antibiotics in the ICU.
Results. We identified 40 patients either infected (23) or colonized (17) by AB and 73 controls. We found an epidemic multidrug-resistant clone of AB in 75% of cases. Risk factors associated with the development of AB infection/colonization were: greater use of medical instruments, the presence of a tracheostomy, cutaneous ulcers, surgical lesions and prior antibiotic therapies. The regression analysis of individual use of antibiotics showed that prior treatment with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, imipenem, levofloxacin, linezolid, and vancomycin was a risk factor for acquiring AB. ARIMA models showed that the relationship were greatest and statistically significant when the treatment occurred between 6 months (ceftazidime) and 9 months (imipenem and levofloxacin) prior.
Conclusions. The dynamic and aggregate relationship between the incidence of infection/colonization by multidrug-resistant strains of AB and prior antibiotic treatment was statistically significant for intervals of 6 to 9 months.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(6):623-630 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(6):675-678

Septic arthritis caused by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicrom: A case report and review

DAVID BRANDARIZ-NÚÑEZ, JESSICA GÁLVEZ-LÓPEZ

Published: 5 October 2021

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/067.2021

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(6):675-678 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):76-80

Approach to COVID-19 pandemic management in Madrid. Chronic of a year

FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL, PABLO BARREIRO, JESÚS SAN-ROMÁN, JUAN CARLOS SANZ-MORENO, MARÍA DEL MAR CARRETERO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-PEROMINGO, RAQUEL BARBA, ANTONIO LASTRA, JESÚS VÁZQUEZ, FERNANDO PRADOS, JESÚS CANORA, ANTONIO ZAPATERO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.22.2021

After more than a year of pandemic, the international medical community has changed the perception of fear to one of respect for SARS-COV-2. This has been the consequence of the integral study of all the dimensions of the disease, from viral recombinant capacity to transmissibility, diagnosis, care and prevention. This document summarizes the main strategic lines of study and approach to the pandemic in Madrid.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):76-80 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):72-75

COVID-19 and fungal infections: Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic implications

MARIANA CHUMBITA, PEDRO PUERTA-ALCALDE, NICOLE GARCIA-POUTON, CAROLINA GARCÍA-VIDAL

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.21.2021

Invasive fungal infection often complicates patients with severe viral infection, especially those admitted to critical care units. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection has been no exception and a significant association with Aspergillus spp. has been documented, resulting in high patient mortality. In this summary we describe the clinical presentation, the underlying diseases most commonly linked with this association, radiological manifestations and therapeutic management of CAPA.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):72-75 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):69-71

Respiratory co-and superinfections in COVID-19

JOSÉ L DEL POZO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.20.2021

There are few publications on the impact of coinfection and superinfection in patients with COVID-19. Patients with higher severity are much more prone to secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections. The overuse of antimicrobials in many viral infections (including SARS-CoV-2 infections) undoubtedly contributes to the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. In the context of COVID-19, we are witnessing an increase in multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in our hospitals. The heterogeneity of published studies makes it critical to perform more large-scale studies to better understand the pathogenesis of coinfections or superinfections in the COVID-19 patient.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):69-71 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):63-68

COVID-19: Impact on prescribing and antimicrobial resistance

PATRICIA RUIZ-GARBAJOSA, RAFAEL CANTÓN

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.19.2021

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged healthcare systems focusing their activity on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Previous experience with co-infections and superinfections in patients infected with other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS), the influenza patients admitted to hospitals and prevention of the unknown led to the increased empirical use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in hospitals. The breakdown of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs determine an increase in infections due to multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in intensive care units. Most of these infections are related to high-risk carbapenemase-producing clones and occasionally with resistance to new β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. On the contrary, in the primary care, there has been a decrease in the use of antimicrobials during the first wave, although it would not have had a significant impact on pathogens associated with community-acquired infections. The accumulated experience reaffirms the need to maintain antimicrobial stewardship
and infection control programs in future health crises.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):63-68 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):60-62

Vaccination strategies against SARS-CoV-2: General impact on the development of the pandemic

ÁNGEL GIL DE MIGUEL, RUTH GIL-PRIETO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.18.2021

In this article, we will review the main vaccination strategies currently being implemented by the health authorities
and analyze the main vaccines authorized by the EMA. As practical aspects of vaccination, we must make it clear that until collective immunity is reached, the preventive measures being implemented will have to be kept in place. In the words of the WHO Accelerator Project, “There is no time to waste in the fight against COVID-19. No one is safe until everyone is safe.”

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):60-62 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):57-59

Antiviral therapy and immunotherapy of COVID-19

CLARA CRESPILLO, SANTIAGO MORENO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.17.2021

The pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 has evolved in the months since the description of the disease. Published observational studies and, above all, clinical trials have highlighted drugs that are useful as well as ruled out any benefit from other drugs used at the beginning of the pandemic. The pathogenesis of the disease has suggested that patients may benefit from the administration of both antivirals, mainly in the earliest stages, and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory medications in more advanced stages. We present a short review of the drugs used and under investigation for the treatment of COVID-19.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):57-59 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):52-56

Ventilatory support and corticosteroid therapy in SARS-CoV-2

FERNANDO MARTÍNEZ SAGASTI, ALBA PALAZÓN BLANCO, SANDRA CATALINA GARCÍA-PERROTE, PATRICIA ALONSO MARTÍNEZ

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.16.2021

It has been almost two years since COVID-19, a disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The entire scientific and medical community was put to the test during the following months to find the best therapeutic strategy to save lives. Although some antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs are being tested in different clinical trials with some controversial results, this short review will focus on corticosteroids usefulness and ventilatory support principles, as they have become two essential therapeutic pillars for those patients who need hospital admission due to respiratory failure.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):52-56 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):49-51

Role of molecular diagnostics in the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: advantages and drawbacks

CARMEN MARTÍN-HIGUERA, IRENE MUÑOZ-GALLEGO, MARÍA DOLORES FOLGUEIRA

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.15.2021

The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is based on the use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), especially rRT-PCR. The latter also allows us to quickly identify variants of concern. However, its use in follow-up of patients and the correlation between Ct value and the viability of the virus is controversial

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):49-51 [Full-text PDF]


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