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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):18-21

Therapeutic strategy in the transplanted patients

MARIA JOSÉ NÚÑEZ-ORANTOS, AGUSTÍN JULIÁN-JIMÉNEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.05.2023

ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 infection prognosis has dramatically changed as a result of population vaccination and the surge of omicron. However, there are still specific populations at risk of progression to severe diseases that require hospitalization or even at risk of death. The kidney transplant population is one of them. Consequently, when compatible symptoms appear, an early diagnosis should be sought in order to start specific antiviral treatment as soon as possible to avoid clinical deterioration of the patient. Antivirals have shown, in transplant patients, a decrease in the rate of hospitalization and death, especially with their early administration.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):18-21 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):15-17

Risk of severe COVID in solid organ transplant recipients

PABLO BARREIRO, FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL, MARÍA DEL MAR CARRETERO, JESÚS SAN ROMÁN

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.04.2023

ABSTRACT
Despite the fact that COVID is today not a life-threat for the general population, recipients of solid organ transplantation should be viewed as a high risk group for severe COVID. Repetitive doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine still fail to protect SOT recipients from infection, disease or even death caused by COVID. A more frequent need for medical care may initially place these patients at greater chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immunosuppression after engrafting and underlying medical conditions that led to the practice of SOT contribute to more risk of severe infection. Immunosuppression also blunts the intensity of humoral and cellular responses after vaccination, even when several booster doses have been administered. Still, vaccination is the best strategy to prevent a fatal outcome in case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular reduction in mortality. SOT recipients should be considered a high-risk population that need yearly SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):15-17 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):9-14

Nosocomial pneumonia: Current etiology and impact on antimicrobial therapy

JULIO JAVIER GAMAZO, FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.03.2023

ABSTRACT
Nosocomial pneumonia is an infection with high clinical impact and high morbimortality in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a priority role, especially in the critically ill patient. Conventional antipseudomonal treatments, historically considered as standard, are currently facing important challenges due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance. In recent years, new antimicrobials have been developed with attractive sensitivity profiles and remarkable efficacy in clinical scenarios of nosocomial pneumonia including bacteremia, mechanical ventilation, infections with multidrug-resistant organisms or situations of therapeutic failure. This new evidence underscores the need to update current clinical guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial pneumonia, especially in the most critically ill patients.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):9-14 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):5-8

The microbiology of sepsis is more than the application of new technologies in diagnosis

MARIA NIEVES LARROSA ESCARTÍN, MIGUEL ÁNGEL MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ, PATRICIA NADAL-BARÓN

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.02.2023

ABSTRACT
Adequate and rapid microbiological diagnosis of sepsis is essential for correct treatment, having a direct impact on patient prognosis. Clinical Microbiology Services must adapt fast circuits that allow prioritizing and individualizing the diagnosis of these patients. The measures adopted should not be based solely on the incorporation of new technologies but, to a large extent, on ensuring accurately collection and processing of samples, avoiding unnecessary losses of time in processing and ensuring that the information derived from this process adequately reaches the prescribing physician.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):5-8 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):2-4

Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. bloodstream infections: epidemiology and therapeutic approach

ROSA BLANES HERNÁNDEZ, MARINO BLANES JULIÁ

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.01.2023

ABSTRACT
Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. are frequent etiologies of bloodstream infection and endocarditis. In recent years, the incidence of Enterococcus spp. has been increasing, especially with nosocomial involvement, and with a high mortality rate. In this entity, the risk of endocarditis and its relationship with colorectal neoplastic pathology remains to be clarified, in order to establish indications for echocardiography and colonoscopy. In the case of Streptococcus spp., the risk of endocarditis depends on the species and the mortality rates are usually lower. Finally, in recent years, the treatment of endocarditis has been directed towards oral consolidation regimens and new long-term antibiotic treatments.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):2-4 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023;36(Suppl.1):1

Introduction to XIII Updating Course of Antimicrobials and Infectious Disease

FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.00.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):1 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 97-99

Cavitary pneumonia and empyema thoracis caused by multidrug resistant Nocardia otitidiscaviarum in an elderly patient

IRIS SHARON PÉREZ RAMOS, MARÍA LUISA GURRUCHAGA YANES, DOMINGO FERNÁNDEZ VECILLA, UDANE OIARTZABAL ELORRIAGA, MIREN JOSEBE UNZAGA BARAÑANO, JOSÉ LUIS DÍAZ DE TUESTA DEL ARCO

Published: 14 November 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/042.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 97-99 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 1-16

Unresolved issues in the diagnosis of catheter related candidemia: A position paper

ANA SORIANO-MARTÍN, PATRICIA MUÑOZ, JULIO GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ, RAFAEL CANTÓN, ANTONIO VENA, MATTEO BASSETTI, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 13 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/112.2023

The incidence and recent trends of candidemia and the contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic to its evolution are not well documented. The catheter is a major focus of Candida spp. infections, but the methods used to confirm the origin of candidemia are still based on the data generated for bacterial infection. The presence of Candida spp. on the tip of a removed catheter is the gold standard for confirmation but it is not always possible to remove it. Conservative methods, without catheter removal, have not been specifically studied for microorganisms whose times of growth are different from those of bacteria and therefore these results are not applicable to candidemia. The different Candida species do not have a particular tropism for catheter colonization and fungal biomarkers have not yet been able to contribute to the determination of the origin of candidemia. Techniques such Candida T2 Magnetic Resonance (T2MR) has not yet been applied for this purpose. Finally, there is not yet a consensus of how to proceed when Candida spp. is isolated from an extracted catheter and blood cultures obtained from simultaneous peripheral veins are negative. In this lack of firm data, a group of experts has formulated a series of questions trying to answer them based on the literature, indicating the current deficiencies and offering their own opinion. All authors agree with the conclusions of the manuscript and offer it as a position and discussion paper.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 1-16 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 93-96

Concerning the presumptive identification of Candida kefyr on Uriselect™4 agar

ESTHER GÓMEZ-VICENTE, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ, ENRIQUE RODRÍGUEZ-GUERRERO, ANTONIO ROSALES-CASTILLO, JOSÉ GUTIÉRREZ-FERNÁNDEZA

Published: 6 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/068.2023

Introduction. Non-albicans Candida species, such as Candida kefyr, are emerging pathogens. Chromogenic media are highly useful for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim was to describe the behavior of this specie on a non-specific chromogenic medium.
Material and methods. A retrospective study of cases of candiduria detected in the Microbiology laboratory of the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital in Granada (Spain) between 2016 and 2021 (N=2,130). Urine samples were quantitatively seeded on non-selective UriSelect™4 chromogenic agar.
Results. Between 2016 and 2021, C. kefyr was the seventh most frequent Candida species responsible for candiduria in our setting (n=15). The macroscopic appearance of C. kefyr colonies, punctiform and bluish, allowed the direct identification of these microorganisms.
Conclusions. This study provides the first description of the specific behavior of C. kefyr on UriSelect™4 agar, which differentiates it from other Candida species based on its enzymatic characteristics.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 93-96 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(6): 562-583

Tuberculosis in Spain: An opinion paper

SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, BEGOÑA SANTIAGO, JOSÉ ANTONIO CAMINERO, CARLOS BARROS, DARÍO GARCÍA DE VIEDMA, CARLOS MARTÍN, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 2 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/115.2023

This document is the result of the deliberations of the Committee on Emerging Pathogens and COVID-19 of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) regarding the current situation of tuberculosis, particularly in Spain. We have reviewed aspects such as the evolution of its incidence, the populations currently most exposed and the health care circuits for the care of these patients in Spain. We have also discussed latent tuberculosis, the reality of extrapulmonary disease in the XXI century and the means available in daily practice for the diagnosis of both latent and active forms. The contribution of molecular biology, which has changed the perspective of this disease, was another topic of discussion. The paper tries to put into perspective both the classical drugs and their resistance figures and the availability and indications of the new ones. In addition, the reality of direct observation in the administration of antituberculosis drugs has been discussed. All this revolution is making it possible to shorten the treatment time for tuberculosis, a subject that has also been reviewed. If everything is done well, the risk of relapse of tuberculosis is small but it exists. On the other hand, many special situations have been discussed in this paper, such as tuberculosis in pediatric age and tuberculosis as a cause for concern in surgery and intensive care. The status of the BCG vaccine and its present indications as well as the future of new vaccines to achieve the old dream of eradicating this disease have been discussed. Finally, the ethical and medicolegal implications of this disease are not a minor issue and our situation in this regard has been reviewed.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(6): 562-583 [Full-text PDF]


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