DOMINGO FERNÁNDEZ VECILLA, FELICITAS ELENA CALVO MURO, FRANCESCO RENZI, JOSÉ LUIS DÍAZ DE TUESTA DEL ARCO
Published: 26 April 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/006.2022
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(3): 304-306 [Texto completo PDF]
JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, EMILIO BOUZA
Published: 21 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/028.2022
Two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, many uncertainties persist about the causal agent, the disease and its future. This document contains the reflection of the COVID-19 working group of the Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) in relation to some questions that remain unresolved. The document includes considerations on the origin of the virus, the current indication for diagnostic tests, the value of severity scores in the onset of the disease and the added risk posed by hypertension or dementia. We also discuss the possibility of deducing viral behavior from the examination of the structure of the complete viral genome, the future of some drug associations and the current role of therapeutic resources such as corticosteroids or extracorporeal oxygenation (ECMO). We review the scarce existing information on the reality of COVID 19 in Africa, the uncertainties about the future of the pandemic and the status of vaccines, and the data and uncertainties about the long-term pulmonary sequelae of those who suffered severe pneumonia.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(5):421-434 [Full-text PDF]
ROSA JUANA TEJERA-PÉREZ, ALICIA IGLESIAS-GÓMEZ, ANTONIA OLIVA-OLIVA, BEATRIZ RODRÍGUEZ-ALONSO, MONTSERRAT ALONSO-SARDÓN, MARÍA SÁNCHEZ LEDESMA, AMPARO LÓPEZ-BERNUS, CRISTINA CARBONELL-MUÑOZ, JOSUÉ PENDONES ULERIO, JUAN LUIS MUÑOZ-BELLIDO, MONCEF BELHASSEN-GARCÍA
Published: 20 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/001.2022
Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem that causes multiple comorbidities. People in prisons who inject intravenous drugs are at increased risk of HCV infection, and HCV infection is 15-fold more prevalent among prisoners compared with the community. The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of residents of a Spanish prison with HCV infection who received antiviral treatment.
Material and methods. An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was performed. All patients with HCV infection diagnosed or followed up in an Infectious Diseases attached to a penitentiary were included in this study.
Results. Of 81 patients analysed, sixty-nine (83.1%) patients were male. The mean age was 50.1 (SD8.8) years, and 70% of the inmates had a history of injection drug use. Coinfection with HIV was detected in 30%. In up to 25% of the sample, there were data on chronic liver disease in the degree of liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of HCV infection had been made more than 15 years earlier in 28% of those studied. Decompensations from liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, or hospital admissions were exceptional. Most of the inmates with HCV accepted treatment, and approximately 94% of the patients who completed treatment achieved a sustained virological response without interactions or complications of interest.
Conclusions. The availability of direct-acting antivirals and their exceptional side effects constitute an opportunity to reduce the burden of HCV infection in Spain, particularly in these high-risk populations.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(3): 273-278 [Full-text PDF]
JOSÉ RICARDO GIMENO COSTA
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.26.2022
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):120-122 [Full-text PDF]
MONTSERRAT RODRÍGUEZ-AGUIRREGABIRIA, Mª JOSÉ ASENSIO-MARTÍN, KAPIL LAXMAN NANWANI-NANWANI
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.25.2022
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):117-119 [Full-text PDF]
PAULA GONZÁLEZ-JIMÉNEZ, RAÚL MÉNDEZ, ANA LATORRE
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.24.2022
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):114-116 [Full-text PDF]
LEYRE SERRANO FERNANDEZ, LUIS ALBERTO RUIZ ITURRIAGA, RAFAEL ZALACAIN JORGE
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.23.2022
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):111-113 [Full-text PDF]
CARLOS M. LUNA
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.22.2022
Adults with lung diseases, comorbidities, smokers, and elderly are at risk of lung infections and their consequences. Community-acquired pneumonia happen in more than 1% of people each year. Possible pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia include viruses, pneumococcus and atypicals. The CDC recommend vaccination throughout life to provide immunity, but vaccination rates in adults are poor.
Tetravalent and trivalent influenza vaccine is designed annually during the previous summer for the next season. The available vaccines include inactivated, adjuvant, double dose, and attenuated vaccines. Their efficacy depends on the variant of viruses effectively responsible for the outbreak each year, and other reasons.
Regarding the pneumococcal vaccine, there coexist the old polysaccharide 23-valent vaccine with the new conjugate 10-valent and 13-valent conjugate vaccines. Conjugate vaccines demonstrate their usefulness to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia due to the serotypes present in the vaccine.
Whooping cough is still present, with high morbidity and mortality rates in young infants. Adult’s pertussis vaccine is available, it could contribute to the control of whooping cough in the most susceptible, but it is not present yet in the calendar of adults around the world.
About 10 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been developed in a short time, requiring emergency use authorization. A high rate of vaccination was observed in most of the countries. Booster doses became frequent after the loss of effectiveness against new variants. The future of this vaccine is yet to be written.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):104-110 [Full-text PDF]
JESÚS FORTÚN
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.21.2022
Aspergillus spp. is the fungus most frequently producing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), constituting 8% of
them. This risk is significantly increased in onco-hematological patients: solid organ transplant recipients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), corticotherapy, cirrhosis, solid cancer, or viral pneumonias. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Mycoses (EORT/MSG criteria) developed for onco-hematological patients with angioinvasive forms of aspergillosis have important limitations for broncho-pulmonary forms, such as aspergillosis cases in the ICU. In recent years, new diagnostic criteria were developed to have a greater role in broncho-alveolar lavage, especially GM and lateral flow assay (LFA). Voriconazole and isavuconazole are the first treatment option. However, drug-drug interaction, level requirements, toxicity, and QT-interval modification are limitations that may favor isavuconazole or liposomal amphotercin B in the ICU.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):97-103 [Full-text PDF]
MIGUEL SALAVERT LLETÍ, MARTA DAFNE CABAÑERO NAVALÓN, MARIONA TASIAS PITARCH, VÍCTOR GARCÍA-BUSTOS
Published: 22 April 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.20.2022
Patients with a compromised immune system suffer a wide variety of insults. Pulmonary complications remain a major cause of both morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. When such individuals present with radiographic infiltrates, the clinician faces a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis in this setting is broad and includes both infectious and non-infectious conditions. Evaluation of the immunocompromised host with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates can be difficult, frustrating, and time-consuming. This common and serious problem results in significant morbidity and mortality, approaching 90%. Infections are the most common causes of both acute and chronic lung diseases leading to respiratory failure. Non-invasive diagnostic methods for evaluation are often of little value, and an invasive procedure (such as bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy or even open lung biopsy) is therefore performed to obtain a microbiologic and histologic diagnosis. Bronchoscopy allows certain identification of some aetiologies, and often allows the exclusion of infectious agents. Early use of computed tomography scanning is able to demonstrate lesions missed by conventional chest X-ray. However, even when a specific diagnosis is made, it might not impact patient’s overall survival and outcomes.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl. 1):89-96 [Full-text PDF]
