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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(3):278-281

Turicella otitidis, contributions to its role in the etiology of ear infections

MÓNICA DE FRUTOS, LUIS LÓPEZ-URRUTIA, ROSA ARAGÓN, ANA MARÍA VEGAS, MARTA VÁZQUEZ, JOSÉ MARÍA EIROS BOUZA

Introduction. Turicella otitidis is a gram-positive bacillus coryneforme described, after 16S RNA sequencing, in 1994 by Funke et al as a microorganism involved in otitis media, and it is in health conditions a habitual colonizer of the external auditory canal. Since its description, more than twenty years ago, few cases of otitis related to or directly attributed to this microorganism have been published.
Methods. Description of a case of mastoiditis that required surgery and other cases of otic pathology in which T. otitidis was isolated, in the second semester of 2017 in our institution. They were reported only when they grew in pure culture. The identification was made by mass spectrophotometry and an antibiogram was performed
Results. In our institution in the second half of 2017, 5 cases of otitis media were documented, some of them complicated, in which T. otitidis was isolated. The most of patients were children with recurrent otic pathology, and in some cases the sample was taken before the administration of antibiotics
Conclusions. Since the inclusion of new vaccines that protect against microorganisms typically causing otitis media, is possible there are a change in the etiology of this disease and that microorganisms anecdotally isolated until now have become protagonists. The improvement in the microbiological identification provided by tools such as mass spectrometry will help to clarify if there are or not a change in the etiology of these diseases.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(3):278-281 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(3):203-208

An historical, sociocultural view and in the fiction literature of Bacillus anthracis  cases by shaving brushes

EMMA VÁZQUEZ-ESPINOSA, CLAUDIO LAGANÀ, FERNANDO VAZQUEZ

In the period from 1915 to 1924 anthrax outbreaks were described by Bacillus anthracis due to the contamination of razor brushes that reached Europe and the United States from areas such as Japan, China or Russia. The brushes were made with badger hair, and then, to reduce the cost with horse hair and other animals. World War I supoosed that the traffics of these brushes, that passed through Europe, changed and the processes of sterilization of the same were deficient giving rise to these outbreaks, that in a percentage of 20% produced the death of the users. The impact of the fashion of wearing a beard, the presence of these cases in the press, in the society of that period, and literature are studied through the work of Agatha Christie who wrote, in 1936, the Hercules Poirot´s novel Cards on the table, and where she describes the murder of one of the characters with the shaving brush contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(3):203-208 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 186-202

Recommendations for the care of patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the Emergency Department

AGUSTÍN JULIÁN-JIMÉNEZ, INMACULADA ADÁN VALERO, ALICIA BETETA LÓPEZ, LUIS MIGUEL CANO MARTÍN, OLGA FERNÁNDEZ RODRÍGUEZ, RAFAEL RUBIO DÍAZ, Mª ANTONIA SEPÚLVEDA BERROCAL, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL GONZÁLEZ Y EN NOMBRE DEL GRUPO NAC (NEUMONÍA ADQUIRIDA EN LA COMUNIDAD) DEL GRUPO INFECCIONES EN URGENCIAS-CÓDIGO SEPSIS DE LA RED DE EXPERTOS Y PROFESIONALES DE URGENCIAS DEL SESCAM (SERVICIO DE SALUD DE CASTILLA LA MANCHA) Y DE INFURG-SEMES (GRUPO DE TRABAJO DE INFECCIONES DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE MEDICINA DE URGENCIAS Y EMERGENCIAS)

The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ranges from 2-15 cases / 1,000 inhabitants / year, being higher in those older than 65 years and in patients with high co-morbidity. Around 75% of all CAP diagnosed are treated in the Emergency Department (ED). The CAP represents the main cause for sepsis and septic shock in ED, and the most frequent cause of death and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to infectious disease. Overall mortality is 10-14% according to age and associated risk factors. Forty to 60% of CAP will require hospital admission, including observation units (with very variable ranges from 22-65% according to centers, seasonal of the year and patients´ characteristics). Between the admissions, 2-10% will be in the ICU. All of previously mentioned reflects the importance of the CAP in the ED, as well as the “impact of the emergency care on the patient with CAP”, as it is the establishment where the initial, but key decisions, are made and could condition the outcome of the illness.
It is known the great variability among physicians in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of CAP, which is one of the reasons that explains the great differences in the admission rates, achievement of the microbiological diagnosis, request for complementary studies, the choice of antimicrobial treatment, or the diversity of applied care. In this sense, the implementation of clinical practice guidelines with the use of the severity scores and the new tools available, such as biomarkers, can improve patient care with CAP in ED. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of emergency professionals and specialists involved in the care process of CAP has designed a guideline with several recommendations for decisions-making during the key moments in patients with CAP attended in the ED.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 186-202 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 160-163

First clinical isolation report of Shewanella algae from the stools of a patient with acute enteritis in Spain

ELEAZAR FERNÁNDEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, ALBERTO J. MARTÍN-RODRÍGUEZ, MARIANO HERNÁNDEZ, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ, UTE RÖMLING, JOSÉ GUTIÉRREZ-FERNÁNDEZ

We report a case of acute enteritis caused by Shewanella algae in a cirrhotic patient. Biochemical identification systems revealed to be insufficient to identify the Shewanella isolate at the species level, thus requiring 16S rRNA and gyrB partial gene sequencing. Even if co-infection by Clostridium difficile could not be ruled out, this is, to our knowledge, the first report of acute enteritis caused by Shewanella algae in Europe.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 160-163 [Full-text PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 146-151

Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pleuro-pulmonary infection due to Streptococcus intermedius

FERNANDO COBO, ANTONIO SAMPEDRO, JAVIER RODRÍGUEZ-GRANGER, LUIS ALIAGA-MARTÍNEZ, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ

The clinical and microbiological characteristics of pleuro-pulmonary infection (PPI) caused by Streptococcus intermedius is described, including 6 cases in the literature and 9 cases handled at the present centre. Out of the 15 patients, 12 were male; mean age at diagnosis was 62.06 ± 15 years. Twelve had risk factors for S. intermedius infection such as alcoholism in 5 (35.7%) patients, periodontal disease in 3 (24.6%) cases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 3 (24.6%), and diabetes mellitus in 2 (14.2%). Cough was present in 12 (80%) patients and chest pain and dyspnea in 9 (60%). The mean diagnosis interval was 34 days. The diagnosis was obtained from pleural fluid aspirate in 13 (86.6%) cases and from biopsy/tissue samples in 2. The most frequently antimicrobials used for treatment were ceftriaxone + levofloxacin. Ten patients cured with a combination of medical and surgical treatment and 2 patients died as a consequence of infection. The incidence of PPI caused by S. intermedius is increasing in our health area; drainage along with antibiotic therapy is recommended for treatment.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 146-151 [Full-text PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 123-130.

Nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenems included): predictive and prognostic factors. A prospective study (2016-2017)

ALICIA HERNÁNDEZ, GENOVEVA YAGÜE, ELISA GARCÍA VÁZQUEZ, MARINA SIMÓN, LAURA MORENO PARRADO, MANUEL CANTERAS, JOAQUÍN GÓMEZ

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major pathogens causing hospital-acquired infections. In recent years, antimicrobial resistance is increasing and multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XDR) isolates have been associated with an increase of mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical significance and analyze predictors and prognostic factors.
Methods. Prospective case-control non-paired study involving 64 patients with P. aeruginosa nosocomial infection, 32 caused by susceptible P. aeruginosa and 32 by MDR/XDR including to carbapenems (XDR-C) strains, admitted at a third level hospital. The follow-up period was till hospital discharge or death and at 30 days after discharge. For all patients, clinical epidemiology and microbiological data were analyzed.
Results. The incidence of MDR/XDR-C strains was 2.3 per 1000 admissions. Ten of which were VIM metallo-β-lactamase–producing. Independent predictor factors associated with MDR/XDR-C infections were: previous ICU or Resuscitation unit admission (OR 14.01; IC 95% 2.105-93.297) appearance >20 days after admission (OR 29.826; IC 95% 4.783-185.997) and leukocytosis (OR 10.0190; IC 95% 1.842-56.369). However, there were not statistically significant differences in clinical severity or mortality between both groups.
Conclusión. The major risk factors associated with MDR/XDR-C infections were previous ICU or Resuscitation unit admission, appearance >20 days after admission and leukocytosis. MDR/XDR-C infections were not associated to increased mortality.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 123-130. [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 156-159

Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak due to the consumption of roast pork meat

MÓNICA DE FRUTOS, LUIS LÓPEZ-URRUTIA, CLARA BERBEL, MARTA ALLUE, SILVIA HERRERA, JOSÉ MANUEL AZCONA, XABIER BERISTAÍN, ESTEBAN AZNAR, MIRIAM ALBERT, CRISTINA RUIZ, JOSÉ MARÍA EIROS

This report presents an outbreak of monophasic Salmonella enteric serovar Typhimurium fagotipe 4, 5, 12: i:-, in a motorcycle concentration in Valladolid. Information was collected to one hundred and twelve affected from seven Spanish Autonomous Communities. The epidemiological investigation associated the outbreak with the consumption of roast pork with sauce sandwiches sold at a street market in that event.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 156-159 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 152-155

A current overview of the teaching of Tropical Medicine, International Health and Global Health in the Spanish university

MIGUEL CABRERO-DE CABO, JOSÉ M. RAMOS-RINCÓN, MIGUEL GÓRGOLAS-HERNÁNDEZ MORA

Background. The teaching of tropical medicine, international health or global health in the Spanish Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy is unknown. The objective of this study is to show a current overview of teaching in degree and post-graduate.
Material and methods. The curricula are reviewed, identifying those subjects and postgraduate courses with the denomination “Tropical Medicine”, “International Health”, “Global Health” or “Imported Diseases”
Results. In 15 of the 40 (37.5%) schools of Medicine the subject of Tropical Medicine, International Health or Global Health is taught during the degree. In 14 of them (93.3%) with an optional character and in one (6.7%) with obligatory character. In 4 out of 22 (18.1%) Pharmacy schools are taught in the degree of Tropical Medicine, International Health or Global Health.
Conclusions. The teaching in Tropical Medicine, International Health and Global Health in the Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy in Spain has, currently, a limited presence.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 152-155 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 105-109

Use of hepatitis B AS04C adjuvanted vaccine in HIV patients

MARÍA FERNÁNDEZ-PRADA, OMAR DARÍO RODRÍGUEZ-FONSECA, ANAHY MARÍA BRANDY-GARCÍA, PAULA ALONSO-PENANES, ISMAEL HUERTA-GONZÁLEZ, FEDERICO FERNÁNDEZ-NOVAL

Introduction. Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccination against HBV has been shown to be the most effective method to prevent this situation. Standard vaccination schemes used in this population do not appear to be effective enough. The objective is to identify the response rate following the use of AS04C-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine in HIV patients as well as the possible associated adverse reactions.
Methods. An observational, analytical study with a retrospective cohort of HIV positive patients discharged in 2016 from the Vaccines Unit of a Preventive Medicine and Public Health Service. Patients with antiHBs (-), antiHBcActot (-) and HBsAg (-) at baseline were included, none of them had received prior HBV vaccination. HBV adjuvanted vaccine was used in a 4-dose regimen (0-1-2-6 months). When antiHBs was <10 IU/mL after primovaccination, two additional doses of the same vaccine were applied with an interval of 30 days.
Results. A total of 39 patients were included. Of them, 74.4% were men. The mean age was 47.26 years. The response rate after primary vaccination was higher than 92% and up to 100% with the two subsequent doses. No adverse reactions were reported.
Conclusion. The administration of AS04C-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine in HIV patients showed a 100% response rate, showing an excellent safety profile.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 105-109 [Texto completo PDF]

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Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 118-122

Prophylactic antibiotherapy in hip arthroplasty. Cohort study

MARÍA GARROTE-GARROTE, JUAN ANTONIO DEL-MORAL-LUQUE, ANTONIO CHECA-GARCÍA, JOSÉ FRANCISCO VALVERDE-CÁNOVAS, CAROLINA CAMPELO-GUTIÉRREZ, JAVIER MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍN, ÁNGEL GIL-DE-MIGUEL, GIL RODRÍGUEZ-CARAVACA

Introduction. The surgical site infection is the main cause of nosocomial infection in surgical patients, being antibiotic prophylaxis one of the most important factors for preventing it. This study evaluates adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in hip arthroplasty surgery as well as its effect on preventing surgical site infection.
Material and methods. A prospective cohort study was carried out from January 2011 to December 2016. We assessed the degree of adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in hip arthroplasty. Incidence of surgical site infection was studied after a maximum incubation period of 90 days. In order to assess the effect of inadequate prophylaxis on surgical site infection we used the relative risk adjusted with a logistic regression model.
Results. We studied 681 patients. Incidence of surgical site infection was 4% (95% CI 2.5-5.5). Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered in 99% of cases, with an overall protocol adequacy of 74%. The main cause of non-compliance was the length of prescription (22.2%; 149 patients). The effect of inadequate prophylaxis on surgical site infection was RRadjusted=0.47; 95%CI 0.19-1.17, (p>0.05).
Conclusions. Adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis was high. No relationship between prophylaxis adequacy and incidence of surgical site infection was founded. Surveillance allows us to assess surgical site infection and risk factors.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2018; 31(2): 118-122 [Texto completo PDF]

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