The microbiology of sepsis is more than the application of new technologies in diagnosis

MARIA NIEVES LARROSA ESCARTÍN, MIGUEL ÁNGEL MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ, PATRICIA NADAL-BARÓN

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.02.2023

ABSTRACT
Adequate and rapid microbiological diagnosis of sepsis is essential for correct treatment, having a direct impact on patient prognosis. Clinical Microbiology Services must adapt fast circuits that allow prioritizing and individualizing the diagnosis of these patients. The measures adopted should not be based solely on the incorporation of new technologies but, to a large extent, on ensuring accurately collection and processing of samples, avoiding unnecessary losses of time in processing and ensuring that the information derived from this process adequately reaches the prescribing physician.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):5-8 [Full-text PDF]

Introduction to XIII Updating Course of Antimicrobials and Infectious Disease

FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL

Published: 24 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.00.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(Suppl.1):1 [Full-text PDF]

Unresolved issues in the diagnosis of catheter related candidemia: A position paper

ANA SORIANO-MARTÍN, PATRICIA MUÑOZ, JULIO GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ, RAFAEL CANTÓN, ANTONIO VENA, MATTEO BASSETTI, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 13 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/112.2023

The incidence and recent trends of candidemia and the contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic to its evolution are not well documented. The catheter is a major focus of Candida spp. infections, but the methods used to confirm the origin of candidemia are still based on the data generated for bacterial infection. The presence of Candida spp. on the tip of a removed catheter is the gold standard for confirmation but it is not always possible to remove it. Conservative methods, without catheter removal, have not been specifically studied for microorganisms whose times of growth are different from those of bacteria and therefore these results are not applicable to candidemia. The different Candida species do not have a particular tropism for catheter colonization and fungal biomarkers have not yet been able to contribute to the determination of the origin of candidemia. Techniques such Candida T2 Magnetic Resonance (T2MR) has not yet been applied for this purpose. Finally, there is not yet a consensus of how to proceed when Candida spp. is isolated from an extracted catheter and blood cultures obtained from simultaneous peripheral veins are negative. In this lack of firm data, a group of experts has formulated a series of questions trying to answer them based on the literature, indicating the current deficiencies and offering their own opinion. All authors agree with the conclusions of the manuscript and offer it as a position and discussion paper.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 1-16 [Full-text PDF]

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Tuberculosis in Spain: An opinion paper

SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, BEGOÑA SANTIAGO, JOSÉ ANTONIO CAMINERO, CARLOS BARROS, DARÍO GARCÍA DE VIEDMA, CARLOS MARTÍN, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 2 November 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/115.2023

This document is the result of the deliberations of the Committee on Emerging Pathogens and COVID-19 of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) regarding the current situation of tuberculosis, particularly in Spain. We have reviewed aspects such as the evolution of its incidence, the populations currently most exposed and the health care circuits for the care of these patients in Spain. We have also discussed latent tuberculosis, the reality of extrapulmonary disease in the XXI century and the means available in daily practice for the diagnosis of both latent and active forms. The contribution of molecular biology, which has changed the perspective of this disease, was another topic of discussion. The paper tries to put into perspective both the classical drugs and their resistance figures and the availability and indications of the new ones. In addition, the reality of direct observation in the administration of antituberculosis drugs has been discussed. All this revolution is making it possible to shorten the treatment time for tuberculosis, a subject that has also been reviewed. If everything is done well, the risk of relapse of tuberculosis is small but it exists. On the other hand, many special situations have been discussed in this paper, such as tuberculosis in pediatric age and tuberculosis as a cause for concern in surgery and intensive care. The status of the BCG vaccine and its present indications as well as the future of new vaccines to achieve the old dream of eradicating this disease have been discussed. Finally, the ethical and medicolegal implications of this disease are not a minor issue and our situation in this regard has been reviewed.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(6): 562-583 [Full-text PDF]

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Evolution of the serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease along 2008-2022 in a Level 2 Public Hospital of the Madrid Region, in relation to their inclusion in different conjugate vaccines

GLORIA ZARAGOZA VARGAS, JUANA CACHO CALVO, RODRIGO MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, DAVID MOLINA ARANA, BELÉN RAMOS BLÁZQUEZ, MARTA PÉREZ ABELEDO, JUAN CARLOS SANZ MORENO

Published: 24 October 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/034.2023

Introduction. The use of conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae originates changes in the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The aim of this study was to in vestigate the evolution of S. pneumoniae serotypes isolated in the Hospital Universitario de Getafe between 2008 and 2022.
Material and Methods. 313 of S. pneumoniae strains were studied. Serotyping was carried out by latex agglutination (Pneumotest-latex) and the Quellung reaction. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against penicillin, erythromycin and levofloxacin by the concentration gradient method (E-test) according the EUCAST breakpoints.
Results. The most frequent serotypes throughout the study period were 8, 3, 19A, 1, 11A and 22F corresponding to 46.6% of the isolates. Along 2008-2012 the serotypes 3, 1, 19A, 7F, 6C and 11A represented altogether 53.6% of the isolates. Between 2013 and 2017 the serotypes 3, 8, 12F, 19A, 22F and 19F grouped 51% of the isolates. During 2018-2022 the serotypes 8, 3, 11A, 15A, 4 and 6C included the 55.5% of the cases. In total 5 strains (1.6%) were penicillin resistant, 64 (20.4%) erythromycin resistant and 11 (3.5%) levofloxacin resistant. The MIC50 and MIC90 levels maintained stables along the time.
Conclusion. The conjugate vaccines use with different serotype coverage conditioned a decrease of the vaccine-included and an increase of non-covered. Despite these changes, the global antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to erythromycin and levofloxacin maintained relatively stables. The resistance a penicillin was low, not finding this type of resistant strains in the last study period.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2023; 36(6): 597-603 [Texto completo PDF]

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