Rev Esp Quimioter 2020; 33(4): 240-248

Is the universal population Hepatitis C virus screening a cost-effective strategy? A systematic review of the economic evidence   

FRANCISCO LEDESMA, MARÍA BUTI, RAQUEL DOMÍNGUEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, MIGUEL ÁNGEL CASADO, RAFAEL ESTEBAN

Published: 8 June 2020

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/030.2020

Background. Efficient strategies are needed in order to achieve the objective of the WHO of eradicating Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Hepatitis C infection can be eliminated by a combination of direct acting antiviral (DAA). The problem is that many individuals remain undiagnosed. The objective is to conduct a systematic review of the evidence on economic evaluations that analyze the screening of HCV followed by treatment with DAAs.
Methods. Eleven databases were performed in a 2015-2018-systematic review. Inclusion criteria were economic evaluations that included incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of cost per life year gained or quality-adjusted life year.
Results. A total of 843 references were screened. Sixteen papers/posters meet the inclusion criteria. Ten of them included a general population screening. Other populations included were baby-boomer, people who inject drugs, prisoners or immigrants. Comparator was “standard of care”, other high-risk populations or no-screening. Most of the studies are based on Markov model simulations and they mostly adopted a healthcare payer´s perspective. ICER for general population screening plus treatment versus high-risk populations or versus routinely performed screening showed to be below the accepted willingness to pay thresholds in most studies and therefore screening plus DAAs strategy is highly cost-effective.
Conclusion. This systematic review shows that screening programmes followed by DAAs treatment is cost-effective not only for high risk population but for general population too. Because today HCV can be easily cured and its long-term consequences avoided, a universal HCV screening plus DAAs therapies should be the recommended strategy to achieve the
WHO objectives for HCV eradication by 2030.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2020; 33(4): 240-248[Full-text PDF]