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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):46-48

Infection and infectivity: Utility of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19

PABLO BARREIRO, JESÚS SAN-ROMÁN, MARÍA DEL MAR CARRETERO, FRANCISCO JAVIER CANDEL

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.14.2021

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 proteins is commercially available in the form of lateral-flow rapid antigen test for the point-of-care diagnosis of COVID-19. This platform has been validated for symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, for diagnosis or screening, and as part of single or sequential diagnostic strategies. Although in general less sensitive than amplification techniques, antigen tests may be particularly valid during the first days of symptoms and to detect individuals with greater viral load, thereby with enhanced chances of viral transmission. The simplicity of antigen tests make them very suitable to discard infection in settings with low pretest probability, and to detect infection in case of higher chances of having COVID-19.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):46-48 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):44-45

Comprehensive serological strategy for the diagnosis and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2. From infection to vaccine control

RAFAEL DELGADO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.13.2021

SARS-CoV-2 serology is useful to identify past COVID-19 cases, and it is not useful for acute infection. Levels of specific SARS-CoV-2 anti-N and especially anti-S are expected to be maintained for long periods. At this moment there is not a clear correlate of protection after COVID-19 or vaccination, therefore serological follow up is not indicated in most cases.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):44-45 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):41-43

Cefiderocol, a new antibiotic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

JOSÉ TIAGO SILVA, FRANCISCO LÓPEZ-MEDRANO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.12.2021

Cefiderocol is a novel catechol-substituted siderophore cephalosporin that binds to the extracellular free iron, and uses the bacterial active iron transport channels to penetrate in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Cefiderocol overcomes many resistance mechanisms of these bacteria. Cefiderocol is approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in the case of adults with limited treatment options, based on the clinical data from the APEKS-cUTI, APEKS-NP and CREDIBLE-CR trials. In the CREDIBLE-CR trial, a higher all-cause mortality was observed in the group of patients who received cefiderocol, especially those with severe infections due to Acinetobacter spp. Further phase III clinical studies are necessary in order to evaluate cefiderocol´s efficacy in the treatment of serious infections.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):41-43 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):38-40

Ceftazidime-avibactam

MAYRA MATESANZ, JOSÉ MENSA

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.11.2021

Ceftazidime is a 3rd generation cephalosporin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Avibactam is an inhibitor of class A, C and some class D β-lactamases. The antibacterial spectrum of ceftazidime-avibactam covers 95% of P. aeruginosa isolates and >99% of enterobacteria, including strains carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Selection of resistant mutants in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae strains producing KPC-3 or KPC-2 after exposure to ceftazidime-avibactam has been described by the appearance of one or more amino acid changes in the Ω-loop of the β-lactamase. These strains usually regain susceptibility to meropenem. There is evidence of a shorter multidrug-resistant organisms colonization period in patients treated with this antimicrobial, which could be beneficial in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria carrying ESBLs or carbapenemases.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):38-40 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):35-37

Ceftolozane-tazobactam: When, how and why using it?

INMACULADA LÓPEZ MONTESINOS, MILAGRO MONTERO, LUISA SORLÍ, JUAN P. HORCAJADA

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.10.2021

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is currently the most active antipseudomonal agent, including multidrug-resistant extensively drug-resistant strains. Tazobactam provides additional activity against many extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Enterobacterales. Ceftolozane-tazobactam is formally approved for complicated urinary tract infection, complicated intra-abdominal infection, and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. The clinical and microbiological success is over 70-80% in many series. However, resistant mutants to ceftolozane-tazobactam have been already described. Combination therapies with colistin or meropenem could be among the strategies to avoid the resistance emergence.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):35-37 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):32-34

Ceftobiprole: a clinical view

PEDRO MARÍA MARTÍNEZ PÉREZ-CRESPO, LUIS EDUARDO LÓPEZ CORTÉS

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.09.2021

Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum, fifth-generation cephalosporin currently approved for community-acquired and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia. High bactericidal and anti-biofilm activity has been exhibited in in vitro and animal models. This, together with its synergism with other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria, makes it an ideal candidate for treatment of complex infections, such as those associated with devices or infective endocarditis. More clinical data are needed to achieve drug positioning.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):32-34 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):29-31

Ceftaroline

ALEX SORIANO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.08.2021

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of admission to emergency departments. Ceftaroline is a fifth-generation cephalosporin with a potent In vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, the three most important pathogens causing CAP. Three randomized and double-blind clinical trials compared the efficacy of ceftaroline versus ceftriaxone in patients with CAP and the results of each trial and a meta-analysis, concluded the superiority of ceftaroline in terms of clinical success. In particular, the major difference was observed among patients with CAP caused by S. aureus. Accordingly, ceftaroline has been included as a first-line option in the recent clinical guidelines for the management of CAP.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):29-31 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):26-28

Dalbavancin

JOSÉ BARBERÁN, ALICIA DE LA CUERDA, LOURDES CRISTINA BARBERÁN

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.07.2021

Dalbavancin is a long-acting antimicrobial agent with an excellent in vitro activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including staphylococcal biofilms. The unusually long terminal half-life ranging from 149 to 250 hours in human subjects, allows a weekly dose. Currently is indicated in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs), but in real-life clinical practice it has already been used successfully and safely in other infections, especially as consolidation therapy.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):26-28 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):22-25

Tedizolid: new data and experiences for clinical practice

MIGUEL SALAVERT LLETÍ, VÍCTOR GARCÍA-BUSTOS, LAURA MORATA RUIZ, MARTA DAFNE CABAÑERO-NAVALON

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.06.2021

The most relevant information on the clinical uses of tedizolid from studies published in the last 18 months is presented in this brief review. The most important data indicate better tolerance and safety profile of long-term therapeutic regimes in off-label indications, such as osteoarticular infections and those caused by mycobacteria. Its lower risk of hazardous interactions compared to linezolid should be emphasized. Furthermore, tedizolid in its combination with rifampicin shows a more favourable way of acting as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo studies. A recent trial also opens the door for its potential use in nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):22-25 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2021;34(Suppl.1):18-21

Treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms in hospital at home units

MANUEL MIRÓN-RUBIO

Published: 30 September 2021

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s01.05.2021

Hospital at home units allow the treatment of moderate and severe infections by administering intravenous antibiotics to patients who would otherwise have to remain hospitalised. Increasing antibiotic resistance adds an element of difficulty to outpatient treatment of infections because multiple daily doses of antimicrobials or combinations of antimicrobials are sometimes required. This manuscript discusses some of the challenges of outpatient management of infections with multidrug-resistant microorganisms and shows the main antibiotic resistances and the outcomes of treatment of these infections in Spanish home hospitalisation units.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021; 34(Suppl. 1):18-21 [Full-text PDF]


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