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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):46-50

Treatment of infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales

MELANIA ÍÑIGO, JOSÉ LUIS DEL POZO

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.11.2022

Antibiotic resistance is one of the main menaces to public and individual health worldwide. In the last two decades,
an increase in the detection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales has been reported. The treatment of infections caused by these strains is a therapeutic challenge. The use of carbapenems may be beneficial depending on MIC value and source of infection. New drugs, with different activity against the different classes of carbapenemases, are developed showing significant benefits.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):46-50 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):41-45

Update on antimicrobial pharmacotherapy against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli

EMILIO MASEDA, ALEJANDRO SUÁREZ DE LA RICA

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.10.2022

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing organisms currently represent a major health problem. Although recently published guidelines still consider carbapenems as the treatment of choice for ESBL-producing infections, it is necessary to find non-carbapenem β-lactams as alternatives to reduce the effects associated with their overutilization. In this review we focus on these alternatives to carbepenem use. It is possible that piperacillin-tazobactam may be an alternative in clinical settings with “low inoculum” infections like urinary tract infections. Newer β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) are potential options too. The current available data support the efficacy of both ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam against susceptible ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E). We are waiting for the results of MERINO-3 study to confirm whether ceftolozane-tazobactam is a good option versus meropenem for treating bloodstream infections caused by ESBL- or AmpC-producing Enterobacterales.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):41-45 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):37-40

Antimicrobial resistance and One Health

CARLOS SERNA, BRUNO GONZALEZ-ZORN

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.09.2022

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major health problems we face in the 21st century. Nowadays we cannot understand global health without the interdependence between the human, animal and environmental dimensions. It is therefore logical to adopt a “One Health” approach to address this problem. In this review we show why a collaboration of all sectors and all professions is necessary in order to achieve optimal health for people, animals, plants and our environment.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):37-40 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):34-36

Global strategy in the treatment of HIV infection in 2022

MARTA ROSAS, SANTIAGO MORENO

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.08.2022

The treatment of HIV infection has become a cornerstone for the global control of the pandemic due to its benefits on individual health and for preventing the transmission of HIV. It should be started in all people with HIV infection and as quickly as possible. Ideally, it should be started on the same day of diagnosis or, failing that, within the first 7 days. Antiretroviral regimens with excellent efficacy, no significant toxicity, and convenient administration are currently available for initiation of antiretroviral treatment. They can incorporate two or three drugs and are always based on a second-generation integrase inhibitor.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):34-36 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):30-33

Optimization of antimicrobial treatment in sepsis

JOSÉ RAMÓN AZANZA PEREA

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.07.2022

Sepsis represents a serious risk to the life of any patient, which is why it is crucial to start an effective treatment in all its extremes as soon as possible, that is, the chosen antibiotics must have activity against the pathogen that produces the condition and, in addition, they must be dosed considering the patient’s situation in all its extremes. It should be considered that it will be necessary to adjust the dose when there is edema (drugs with reduced volume of distribution), hypoproteinemia (drugs bound to proteins in a high proportion), obesity, and also when they require the use of external techniques such as ECMO or any of the different types of hemodialysis and hemofiltration.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):30-33 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):25-29

Current treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia

ERIKA P. PLATA-MENCHACA, RICARD FERRER

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.06.2022

Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia are severe nosocomial infections leading to high morbidity and mortality. Broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage against all likely pathogens are recommended by the international guidelines. Inappropriate empirical treatment is one of the most important prognostic factors. Knowledge of local epidemiology and continuous microbiological surveillance is crucial for improving clinical approaches to empirical antimicrobial treatment. The development of protocols and policies for training healthcare professionals on preventive strategies, such as the “Pneumonia Zero” project, and improved implementation of antimicrobial stewardship practices, will aid early de-escalation of antibiotics and prevent resistance

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):25-29 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):20-24

Important aspects during management of diabetic foot infection

JOSÉ LUIS GARCÍA KLEPZIG, JAVIER AZAÑA GÓMEZ, MANUEL MÉNDEZ BAILÓN

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.05.2022

Diabetic foot is a complex disease. One of its most important complications is infection with risk of limb loss. In severe cases it is also a life-threatening condition. Several guidelines are available in order to achieve the implementation of some standard of care strategies. However, these consensus documents do not address all controversial issues arising during diabetic foot infection. The present article aims to review some of these controversial aspects.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):20-24 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):16-19

Neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 infection

JUAN BERENGUER

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.04.2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted significant research in developing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical trials have shown that mAbs are safe and effective in preventing hospitalization and death in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 risk factors for progression. mAbs have also been effective for treating severe disease in seronegative patients and preventing COVID-19. So far, studies have been carried out in a largely unvaccinated population at a time when the omicron variant was not described. Future research should address these limitations and provide information on specific population groups, including immunosuppressed and previously infected individuals.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):16-19 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):10-15

Antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2

TOMMASO FRANCESCO AIELLO, CAROLINA GARCÍA-VIDAL, ALEX SORIANO

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.03.2022

The use of antiviral drugs represents an important progress in the therapeutic management of COVID-19, leading to a substantial reduction of SARS-CoV-2-related complications and mortality. In immunocompetent host, peak viral replication occurs around the symptom’s onset, and it prolongs for 5 to 7 days that is the window of opportunity for giving an antiviral. Accordingly, early and rapid diagnostic of the infection in the outpatient clinic is essential as well as the availability of oral agents that can be easily prescribe. Remdesivir has demonstrated its efficacy in hospitalized patients requiring oxygen support and in mild/moderate cases to avoid the hospitalization, however, the intravenous administration limits its use among outpatients. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir are potent oral antiviral agents. In the present review we discuss the potential targets against SARS-CoV-2, and an overview of the main characteristics and clinical results with the available antiviral agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):10-15 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(Suppl.3):6-9

Management of hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients

BORJA SUBERVIOLA, ELENA CUENCA FITO

Published: 24 October 2022

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/s03.02.2022

In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune system physiologically upregulates to try to clear the virus from the body; failure to compensate for this inflammatory response with an anti-inflammatory response leads to dysregulation of the immune system that ultimately leads to a situation of uncontrolled hyperinflammation called cytokine storm. This cytokine storm can cause ARDS or multi-organ failure leading to patient death. This review exposes the different mechanisms of the inflammatory response in COVID-19 infection and the therapeutic options to treat this process.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(Suppl.3):6-9 [Full-text PDF]


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