MARINA FAYOS, ANDREA SEVERO, MARÍA DOLORES GARCÍA-COSÍO, CARLOS PRADOS, MARINA ALONSO, FRANCISCO LÓPEZ-MEDRANO
Published: 10 October 2024
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/075.2024
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 523-526 [Full-text PDF]
CRISTINA GONZÁLEZ, BORJA CROCHE, EMILIO GÓMEZ
Published: 8 October 2024
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/061.2024
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 518-520 [Texto completo PDF]
DIEGO CECCHINI, JAVIER SFALCIN, INÉS ZAPIOLA, ALAN GOMEZ, SILVINA FERNANDEZ-GIULIANO, CLAUDIA RODRIGUEZ, LILIA MAMMANA, ANALÍA SERAVALLE, FABIÁN FAY, MARÍA CECILIA TORROIJA GABRIELA BUGARÍN, MARÍA BELÉN BOUZAS
Published: 4 October 2024
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/074.2024
Objective. To date, no data exist regarding the prevalence of integrase inhibitor (INSTI) resistance-associated mutations (HIVDRM) in HIV-infected pregnant women (HPW) in Latin America. We describe the prevalence and transmissibility of integrase HIVDRM in a historical cohort of INSTI-naïve HPW from Argentina (n=56) with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS).
Material and methods. Bioinformatics analysis was performed by HyDRA software for 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, and 1% sensitivity thresholds. We calculated the mutational viral load for each INSTI-HIVDRM, considering those with >1000 c/mL as of high risk of transmissibility.
Results. The predominant HIV subtype was BF (78.5%). Major HIVDRM were not detected with the population sequencing 20% filter. With a 1% threshold, the prevalence increased to 8.9%; Y143C/S, E92G, E138K, and T66I mutations were found. The median (range) mutational load (expressed in c/mL) was: 355 (50.2-11705); with only 1 case >1000 c/mL Accessory mutations (G163R/K, T97A) were detected mostly with a 20% sensitivity threshold with an overall prevalence of 23.2%; the median (IQR) mutational load was: 23929 (4009-63158) c/mL; all of them above 1000 c/mL.
Conclusion. Our results show evidence of the presence of major INSTI-HIVDRM as aleatory mutations and a high frequency of accessory mutations with potential transmissibility in HPW.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 479-485 [Full-text PDF]
CARL LLOR, CRISTINA RODRÍGUEZ-BERNUZ, AMELIA TRONCOSO-MARIÑO
Published: 1 October 2024
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/054.2024
Introduction. Prior research has not examined the size of antibiotic packages prescribed. We assessed 2023 prescription rates in Barcelona and the most prescribed presentations in pharmacies, while evaluating potential reductions if all amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate containers had 20 doses.
Methods. Antibiotics prescribed by primary care doctors working for the Catalonian Health Institute in Barcelona in 2023 were analysed by calculating the defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants and day (DID).
Results. The observed prescribing rate was 8 DID, with penicillins accounting for 4.6 DID (57.2%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate, making up 4.4 DID. If all the 30-dose presentations of amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate had been 20-dose containers, the total number of DIDs would have been 3.3, resulting in a reduction of 1.1 DID (25.4% less).
Conclusions. Antibiotic prescribing rate in Barcelona was low. Aligning the dosage of antibiotics with established guidelines could further reduce antibiotic consumption.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 504-508 [Full-text PDF]
LUCÍA IGLESIAS-LINARES, ANA ROMÁN-DE-LA-TORRE, MARÍA AGUILERA-FRANCO, ALBERTO PUERTAS-PRIETO, MARÍA JOSÉ MEDINA-PASCUAL, JOSÉ GUTIÉRREZ-FERNÁNDEZ
Published: 30 September 2024
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/050.2024
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 515-517 [Full-text PDF]
FERNANDO COBO, JUAN ANTONIO REGUERA-MÁRQUEZ, JOSÉ ANTONIO MARÍN-RODRÍGUEZ, FRANCISCO JOSÉ MARTÍN-PÉREZ, PATRICIA PÉREZ-PALACIOS, ESTHER RECACHA, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ
Published: 19 September 2024
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/045.2024
Introduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (CPGNB) isolated from blood during a 5-year period.
Methods. A total of 80 isolates from 78 patients were finally included; fifty-five (70.5%) were men and the mean age was 60 years. Detection of carbapenemase production was
performed by immunocromatography (IC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping was carried-out by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and characterization of carbapenemase-producing isolates was performed by whole genome sequencing (WGS).
Results. The main microorganisms isolated were K. pneumoniae (29.4%), E. cloacae (28.2%), A. baumannii (17.9%) and P. aeruginosa (15.3%). Overall, the most common carbapenemase in Enterobacterales was OXA-48 group (57.7%). The most common carbapenemase in non-fermenting bacilli was OXA-23 (60.8%). The most common ST in K. pneumoniae producing OXA-48 types was ST45 and in E. cloacae ST114, while in E. cloacae producing VIM types was ST78. In OXA-23 types, the most common clone in A. baumannii was ST2, whereas in P. aeruginosa producing IMP types was ST253.
Conclusions. There was an increase in cases recorded in the years of highest incidence and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with a significant number of cases in patients admitted to the ICU. All bacteremias caused by A. baumannii were caused by the same clone, and 12 of the 14 cases caused by A. baumannii were part of outbreaks in the ICU.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 472-478 [Full-text PDF]
ROSA RODRÍGUEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, FELIPE GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ, INÉS OJEDA VELÁZQUEZ, MARTA RODRÍGUEZ DÍAZ, MARÍA VICTORIA CAPOZZI BUCCIOL, MARÍA ISABEL GONZÁLEZ-SÁNCHEZ, JIMENA PÉREZ-MORENO, BLANCA TOLEDO DEL CASTILLO
Published: 23 September 2024
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/026.2024
Introduction. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. This season, a long half-life monoclonal antibody (Nirsevimab) is available to prevent this disease for all infants born from 1 April-30 September to 2023 and all those born during RSV season (October2023- March 2024). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of this antibody on RSV admissions in a tertiary hospital.
Material and methods. Observational, retrospective and analytical study. All patients <6 months in October admitted for bronchiolitis at 2 time points were included: T1 or Pre-nirsevimab time: 1 September 2015-30 September 2023 and T2 or Nirsevimab time: 1 October-31 December 2023. Total admissions due to any cause of infants <6 months in the same period were used as the reference population. To assess the impact of the implementation of nirsevimab, we calculated the reduction in the percentage of admissions due to RSV with respect to total admissions in both periods, and also in the 2023-2024 season we calculated the double negative test to calculate the effectiveness of the intervention (1-Odds ratio) x 100.
Results. In infants under 6 months of age, we found significant differences in the number of admissions for RSV bronchiolitis between the last season and the previous 7 seasons [574/1195 (48%) vs 6/138 (4.3%); p<0.01, RPI: 91%). In the 2023/2024 season, the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing admission for RSV bronchiolitis in children under 6 months of age was 85% (CI 95%: 32-97%).
Conclusions. The implementation of nirsevimab has had an important impact on the number of hospital admissions for RSV bronchiolitis. There were no differences in the severity of bronchiolitis
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 498-503 [Texto completo PDF]
MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, ALMUDENA BURILLO, PATRICIA MUÑOZ, CRISTINA CALVO REY, MERCEDES CATALÁN-GONZÁLEZ, EMILIO CENDEJAS-BUENO, ANA VERÓNICA HALPERIN-BENITO, RAÚL RECIO, CARMEN VIÑUELA-BENÍTEZ, EMILIO BOUZA
Published: 30 July 2024
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/067.2024
Group A ß-hemolytic Streptococcus (S. pyogenes), also known as GAS, is a Gram-positive bacterium. It can be easily identified in the microbiology laboratory by its ability to hemolyse blood in culture media. This bacterium is highly virulent due to its production of enzymes and toxins, and its ability to cause immunologically mediated diseases such as rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
GAS is the primary cause of bacterial pharyngotonsillitis, although it is typically a benign and non-invasive disease. However, it also has the potential to cause severe skin and soft tissue infections, necrotising fasciitis, bacteraemia and endocarditis, pneumonia and empyema, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, without any age or predisposition limits. The term invasive GAS disease (iGAS) is used to refer to this group of conditions.
In more developed countries, iGAS disease has declined thanks to improved hygiene and the availability of antibiotics. For example, rheumatic fever has practically disappeared in countries such as Spain. However, recent data suggests a potential increase in some iGAS diseases, although the accuracy of this data is not consistent.
Because of this, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has posed several questions about invasive GAS infection, especially its current situation in Spain. The committee has enlisted the help of several experts in the field to answer these questions. The following lines contain the answers that we have collaboratively produced, aiming to assist not only the members of ICOMEM but also anyone interested in this topic.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 454-471 [Full-text PDF]
JORDI REINA, JULIA VIANA-RAMIREZ
Published: 16 July 2024
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/049.2024
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(6): 512-514 [Texto completo PDF]
CARMEN AMORES-ANTEQUERA, ANA DELGADO-BAENA, PAULA PARRADO-HERNANDO, PURIFICACIÓN CANTUDO-MUÑOZ, LIDIA VELASCO-RODRÍGUEZ
Published: 15 July 2024
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/046.2024
Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(5): 432-434 [Texto completo PDF]
