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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 158-162

Efficacy of delafloxacin alone and in combination with cefotaxime against cefotaxime non-susceptible invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ESTHER RÍOS, MARTA PÉREZ, JUAN CARLOS SANZ, ALBERTO DELGADO-IRIBARREN, ICIAR RODRÍGUEZ-AVIAL

Published: 16 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/107.2023

Objectives. We assessed the in vitro activity of delafloxacin and the synergy between cefotaxime and delafloxacin among cefotaxime non-susceptible invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (CNSSP).
Material and methods. A total of 30 CNSSP (cefotaxime MIC > 0.5 mg/L) were studied. Serotyping was performed by the Pneumotest-Latex and Quellung reaction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of delafloxacin, levofloxacin, penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and vancomycin were determined by gradient diffusion strips (GDS). Synergistic activity of delafloxacin plus cefotaxime against clinical S. pneumoniae isolates was evaluated by the GDS cross method.
Results. Delafloxacin showed a higher pneumococcal activity than its comparator levofloxacin (MIC50, 0.004 versus 0.75 mg/L and MIC90, 0.047 versus >32 mg/L). Resistance to delafloxacin was identified in 7/30 (23.3%) isolates, belonging to serotypes 14 and 9V. Synergy between delafloxacin and cefotaxime was detected in 2 strains (serotypes 19A and 9V). Antagonism was not observed. Addition of delafloxacin increased the activity of cefotaxime in all isolates. Delafloxacin susceptibility was restored in 5/7 (71.4%) strains.
Conclusions. CNSSP showed a susceptibility to delafloxacin of 76.7%. Synergistic interactions between delafloxacin and cefotaxime were observed in vitro among CNSSP by GDS cross method.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 158-162 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 134-148

Respiratory syncytial virus: A new era

JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, ROSA RODRÍGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MARTA KESTLER, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 11 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/147.2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major public health problem that has undergone significant changes in recent years. First of all, it has become easier to diagnose with highly reliable and rapidly available confirmatory tests. This has led to a better understanding of its epidemiology and RSV has gone from being a disease of the pediatric age group, severe only in infants and immunosuppressed children, to being a common disease in people of all ages, particularly important in patients of advanced age or with immunosuppressive diseases. Recent therapeutic and prophylactic advances, both with long-lasting monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, are another reason for satisfaction. For these reasons, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has considered it pertinent to review this subject in the light of new knowledge and new resources for dealing with this infection. We have formulated a series of questions that we believe will be of interest not only to members of the College but also to any non-expert in this subject, with a particular focus on the situation of RSV infection in Spain.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 134-148 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 121-126

Importance of National Influenza Centers in the surveillance of highly pathogenic avian viruses. The time for One-Health is now

IVÁN SANZ-MUÑOZ, JOSÉ M EIROS, MARTA HERNÁNDEZ

Published: 11 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/137.2023

Since 1996, the highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype A(H5N1) has been causing almost uninterrupted outbreaks in wild and domestic birds, as well as cases in humans with a mortality rate close to 50%. However, the years of greatest circulation have been precisely the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, in which several cases have been recorded in humans in places where they had never appeared before, in addition to multiple cases in wild, domestic and peri-domestic mammals, which raise some concern about the risk that the virus may jump to humans through chains of transmission of greater or lesser extent. The current outbreak of A(H5N1) shows us that the One-Health concept should be more alive than ever to join efforts between professionals from different sectors of human, animal and environmental health to avoid or minimize these risks, so that reference laboratories such as the National Influenza Centers have the human and material resources to provide rapid and relevant information in the shortest possible time before emergencies of this type. The diagnostic and monitoring tools to be used in these cases must be available for any eventuality, and going beyond the basic data must be an indispensable premise to be able to carry out a detailed monitoring that serves to limit outbreaks, limit the spread of the disease, and help in the design of future pandemic vaccines against avian viruses.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 121-126 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 127-133

Safety of fluoroquinolones

JOSÉ BARBERÁN, ALICIA DE LA CUERDA, MARÍA ISABEL TEJEDA GONZÁLEZ, ANA LÓPEZ APARICIO, CARLOS MONFORT VINUESA, ALEJANDRO RAMOS SÁNCHEZ, LOURDES CRISTINA BARBERÁN

Published: 22 December 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/143.2023

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics. Although they were initially well tolerated in randomized clinical trials, subsequent epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of threatening, severe, long-lasting, disabling and irreversible adverse effects (AEs), related to neurotoxicity and collagen degradation, such as tendonitis, Achilles tendon rupture, aortic aneurysm, and retinal detachment. This article reviews the main potentially threatening AEs, the alarms issued by regulatory agencies and therapeutic alternatives.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 127-133 [Full-text PDF] [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 104-105

Actividad in vitro de delafloxacino frente a aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenémicos en una etapa previa al uso clínico de este fármaco

CELIA GARCÍA-RIVERA, MARTA NAVARRO, MÓNICA PARRA, ANTONIA SÁNCHEZ BAUTISTA, INMACULADA GÓMEZ, MARÍA-PAZ VENTERO. JUAN CARLOS RODRÍGUEZ

Published: 22 December 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/080.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 104-105 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 100-101

Dalbavancin as a treatment option for Rothia aeria endocarditis

HÉCTOR TOLEDO, ADELINA GIMENO, JOSÉ CARLOS ALARCÓN, RAFAEL LUQUE-MÁRQUEZ

Published: 21 December 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/051.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 100-101 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 102-103

Bacteriemia por Moraxella spp. Revisión de casos pediátricos en un hospital del sur de España

ÁLVARO VÁZQUEZ-PÉREZ, ESPERANZA ORTI-MORENTE, FERNANDO COBO, JUAN LUIS SANTOS-PÉREZ

Published: 20 December 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/076.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 102-103 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 118-120

Prostatitis bacteriana crónica con diagnóstico microbiológico: a propósito de dos casos

SILVIA GARCÍA-BUJALANCE, EDUARDO RUBIO-MORA, ALFREDO MALDONADO-BARRUECO, ROCÍO MONTEJANO, JULIO GARCÍA RODRIGUEZ

Published: 18 December 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/106.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 118-120 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 78-87

Utility of the medial region of pro-adrenomodulin for the detection of true bacteremia in elderly patients treated in the emergency department for suspected infection

M. CECILIA YAÑEZ PALMA, FRANCISCO ROMAN, FERRÁN LLOPIS-ROCA, MARCOS FRAGIEL, AGUSTÍN JULIÁN JIMÉNEZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO

Published: 18 December 2023

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/110.2023

Background. The prediction of bacteremia in the emergency department (ER) is important for initial decision-making. The elderly population is a diagnosis challenge. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of mid regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) to identify true bacteremia (BV) in elderly patients attended in 3 hospital emergency departments.
Methods. Observational study including patients ≥75 years of age or older attended in the ER for suspected infection in whom a blood culture (BC) was extracted. Sociodemographic, comorbidity, hemodynamic and analytical variables, biomarkers [MR-proADM, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate] and final diagnosis were collected. The primary outcome was a true positive on a blood culture.
Results. A total of 109 patients with a mean age of 83 (SD: 5.5) years were included. A final diagnosis of BV was obtained in 22 patients (20.2%). The independent variables to predict it were PCT (OR: 13.9; CI95%: 2.702-71.703; p=0.002), MR-proADM (OR: 4.081; CI95%: 1.026-16.225; p=0.046) and temperature (OR: 2.171; CI95%: 1.109-4.248; p=0.024). Considering the cut-off point for MR-proADM (2.13 mg/dl), a sensitivity (Se) of 73%, specificity (E) of 71%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 39%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91%, a positive likelihood ratio (LHR+) of 2.53 and a negative likelihood ratio (LHR-) of 0.38; for PCT (0.76 mg/dl) a Se of 90%, E of 65%, PPV of 40%, NPV of 96%, LHR+ 2,64 and a LHR- of 0.14 were obtained. When combining both, a Se of 69%, E of 84%, PPV of 52%, NPV of 91%, LHR+ of 4.24 and LHR- of 0.38 were observed.
Conclusions. Elevated levels of PCT and MR-proADM were independently associated with an increased risk of BV and the combination of both improves the accuracy to identify these patients.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 78-87 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 110-111

Tinción de Gram de los hemocultivos de un paciente oncológico

CARMEN PIÑA-DELGADO, MARGARITA BOLAÑOS-RIVERO, MARÍA ALEJANDRA CORDERO-ÁLVAREZ, ISABEL DE MIGUEL-MARTÍNEZ

Published: 15 December 2023

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/083.2023

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(1): 110-111 [Texto completo PDF]


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