SILVIA CALPENA MARTÍNEZ, IRENE CARRILLO ACOSTA, BEATRIZ ÁLVAREZ ÁLVAREZ, MIGUEL GÓRGOLAS, HERNÁNDEZ-MORA
Published: 1 March 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/157.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(3): 295-298 [Full-text PDF]
BEATRIZ GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, MARÍA GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, NATALIA BEJARANO RAMÍREZ, FRANCISCO JAVIER REDONDO CALVO
Published: 25 February 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/112.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):222-224 [Full-text PDF]
JORDI REINA, CARLA IGLESIAS
Published: 21 February 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/002.2022
All coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2, encode two proteases needed for the processing of PP1A and PP1AB polyproteins. The main protease 3CL (chemotripsine-like) gives rise to the formation of NSP11/16 proteins. The 3CL protease has been constituted as one of the possible therapeutic targets for the development of antiviral drugs against SARS-COV-2 due to its highly conserved sequence and structure among all coronaviruses. During the SARS-COV-1 pandemic, a hydroxymethyl ketone derivative (PF-00835231) was identified with an intense inhibitory activity against the 3CL protease. Subsequent chemical modifications gave rise to derivative PF-07321332 (nirmatrelvir) which has shown a high antiviral efficacy against SARS-COV-2. The company’s data indicate that it is capable of reducing 89% the risk of hospitalization and death of patients infected with hardly adverse effects. Its effectiveness improves if it is administered orally in the first 24-48 hours and the duration of treatment has been established between 3-5 days. The commercial form has been associated with the antiviral ritonavir that has shown the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, lengthening its average life. This antiviral would be effective against current and future viral variants, since 3CL is not modified in them. The FDA approved this antiviral in November 2021 and EMA is in the final evaluation phase.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(3): 236-240 [Texto completo PDF]
JORDI REINA
Published: 18 February 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/159.2021
The influenza virus B belongs to the family Orthomyxoviriridae and to the genus Influenzavirus B. It has a negative RNA-type genome made up of about 14,648 nucleotides divided into eight different segments that encode about 11 proteins. Before 1980 all influenza B viruses belonged to a single genetic lineage; but in this year two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages emerged which were named B/Victoria/2/1987 and B/Yamagata/16/1988. Intralineage and interlineage genetic exchange processes have been demonstrated; The most frequent of them are those in which the Victoria lineage acquires genes from the Yamagata lineage. It has been proposed that the differences in the evolutionary dynamics of the two lineages are due to the different binding preferences of influenza hemagglutinin to the cellular receptor. The Victoria lineage has shown the ability to bind to cell receptors with sialic acid residues at the α-2,3 and α-2,6 positions; whereas the Yamagata lineage does so exclusively in the human α-2,6 positions of the respiratory tract. Low circulation in recent months may have contributed to the temporary elimination (“extinction”) of the Yamagata lineage. Since 2017, almost all of the strains of this lineage belong to clade 3A, when previously multiple circulating clades were detected. Although this clade 3A is diverse at the genetic level and has acquired surrogate mutations in the hemagglutinin gene, these have not determined significant antigenic changes that have made it necessary to replace its antigenic component (B/Pukhet/3073/2013) in the influenza vaccine since 2015.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(3): 231-235 [Texto completo PDF]
MARÍA NIEVES CARMONA TELLO, LAURA SUÁREZ HORMIGA, MARGARITA BOLAÑOS RIVERO, ISABEL DE MIGUEL MARTÍNEZ
Published: 9 February 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/137.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):227-228 [Texto completo PDF]
MAXIMILIEN NEUKIRCH, ROCÍO SÁNCHEZ-RUIZ, JOSÉ MARÍA NAVARRO-MARÍ, JOSÉ GUTIÉRREZ-FERNÁNDEZ
Published: 7 February 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/136.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):225-226 [Texto completo PDF]
DAVID SÁNCHEZ FABRA, ELENA ABAD VILLAMOR, SUSANA CLEMOS MATAMOROS, JUAN VALLE PUEY, MARÍA JESÚS IGÚZQUIZA PELLEJERO, ÁNGEL LUIS GARCÍA FORCADA
Published: 4 February 2022
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/147.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):229-230 [Full-text PDF]
CARL LLOR, ANA MORAGAS, JOSEP M. COTS
Published: 3 February 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/141.2021
Objectives. We aimed to compare the actual consumption of antibiotics among patients issued delayed antibiotic prescribing with the consumption observed in a non-systematic review of studies on delayed prescribing.
Methods. Observational study carried out in three primary care centres from September 2018 until March 2020. We tracked the electronic records of the 82 patients with episodes of acute bronchitis and 44 acute pharyngitis who were given a patient-led delayed prescription to determine whether the prescription was filled and when this medication was obtained.
Results. The prescriptions were never filled in 50 cases (39.7%), but five patients took another antibiotic within the first two weeks. Out of 76 patients who did take the delayed prescription, only 12 obtained the medication based on the instructions given by the doctors (15.8%).
Conclusions. The strategy of delayed antibiotic prescribing resulted in a reduction in antibiotic use, but this reduction was lower than in randomised clinical trials, being comparable to the results obtained with other observational studies on delayed antibiotic prescribing. In addition, only a few patients adhered to the doctors’ instructions.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):213-217 [Full-text PDF] [Supplementary material PDF]
DAVID SÁNCHEZ FABRA, ELENA ABAD VILLAMOR, SUSANA CLEMOS MATAMOROS, JUAN VALLE PUEY, MARÍA JESÚS IGÚZQUIZA PELLEJERO, ÁNGEL LUIS GARCÍA FORCADA
Published: 2 February 2022
CLINICAL-PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/138.2021
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):218-221 [Full-text PDF]
FERRÁN LLOPIS-ROCA, RAÚL LÓPEZ IZQUIERDO, OSCAR MIRO, JORGE ERIC GARCÍA-LAMBERECHTS, AGUSTÍN JULIÁN JIMÉNEZ, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO
Published: 1 February 2022
http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/150.2021
Objective. To describe the approach to the patients with suspected sepsis in the Spanish emergency department hospitals (ED) and analyze whether there are differences according to the size of the hospital and the number of visits to the emergency room.
Method. Structured survey of those responsible for the 282 public EDs that serve adults 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. It was asked about assistance and management in the emergency room in the care of patients with suspected sepsis. The results are compared according to hospital size (large ≥ 500 beds vs medium-small <500) and influx to the emergency room (discharge ≥ 200 visits / day vs medium-low <200).
Results. A total of 250 Spanish EDs responded (89%). Sepsis protocols are available in 163 (65%) EDs median weekly sepsis treated ranged from 0-5 per week in 39 (71%) ED, 6-10 per week in 10 (18%), 11-15 per week in 4 (7%), and more than 15 activations per week in 3 centers (3.6%). The criteria used for sepsis diagnosis were the qSOFA/SOFA in 105 (63.6%) of the hospitals, SIRS in 6 (3.6%), while in 49 (29.7%) they used both criteria simultaneously. In 79 centers, the sepsis diagnosis was computerized, and in 56 there were tools to help decision-making. 48% (79 of 163) of the EDs had data on bundles compliance. In 61% (99 of 163) of EDs there was training in sepsis and in 56% (55 of 99) it was periodic. Considering the size of the hospital, large hospitals participated more frequently as recipients of patients with sepsis and had an infectious, sepsis and short-stay unit, a microbiologist and infectious disease specialist on duty.
Conclusion. Most EDs have sepsis protocols, but there is room for improvement. The computerization and development of alerts for diagnosis and treatment still have a long way to go in EDs.
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35(2):192-203 [Texto completo PDF] [Supplementary material PDF]
