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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 170-175

Prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in children

PAULA MARÍN OLIVÁN, SUSANA FERRANDO MONLEÓN, JOSÉ RAFAEL BRETÓN-MARTÍNEZ, ANDRÉS PIOLATTI LUNA, IDOIA HERNÁNDEZ MONLEÓN, CRISTINA FUERTES LATASA, DAVID NAVARRO ORTEGA, JAVIER COLOMINA RODRÍGUEZ

Published: 22 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/113.2023

Introduction. The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates.
Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model.
Results. 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital.
Conclusions. Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 170-175  [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 149-157

Comparison of quality of life in patients living with HIV infection through pharmaceutical care according to CMO methodology vs. conventional follow-up. MAS-VIH project

JOSÉ MANUEL MARTÍNEZ SESMERO, LUIS MARGUSINO FRAMIÑAN, MERCEDES GIMENO GRACIA, VERA ÁREAS DEL ÁGUILA, HERMINIA NAVARRO AZNARES, MARÍA JOSÉ HUERTAS FERNÁNDEZ, EMILIO MOLINA CUADRADO, PILAR DÍAZ RUIZ, MARÍA TERESA MARTIN CONDE, ELENA ALONSO GRANDES, ALICIA LÁZARO LÓPEZ, RAMÓN MORILLO VERDUGO

Published: 19 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/105.2023

Objective. To compare quality of life, in patients living with HIV infection with pharmaceutical care according to the CMO methodology: capacity, motivation and opportunity versus conventional follow-up.
Method. Longitudinal, prospective, multicenter, health intervention study, conducted between October 2019 and November 2021 in 14 centers throughout Spain. Patients over 18 years of age, receiving antiretroviral treatment and attending the consultations of the participating Pharmacy Services for 1 year were included. Patients who did not have the autonomy to complete the planned questionnaires were excluded. At baseline, participating centers were randomized to continue using the same systematics of work (traditional follow-up) or to implement the CMO model using patient stratification models, goal setting in relation to pharmacotherapy, use of motivational interviewing, as well as longitudinal follow-up enabled by new technologies. The main variable was the difference in the number of dimensions positively affected in each follow-up arm at 24 weeks of follow-up according to the MOS-HIV questionnaire. In the CMO group, the interventions performed the most frequently were recorded.
Results. 151 patients were included. The median age was 51.35 years. A significant improvement in quality of life was found at the end of follow-up in the CMO group, reducing the number of patients with negatively affected dimensions (2/11 vs 8/11). The most frequent interventions carried out in the CMO group, according to the taxonomy, were Motivation (51,7%) and review and validation (49,4%).
Conclusions. The quality of life of patients is higher in those centers that develop Pharmaceutical Care based on the CMO methodology compared to traditional follow-up.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 149-157 [Texto completo PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 158-162

Efficacy of delafloxacin alone and in combination with cefotaxime against cefotaxime non-susceptible invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae

ESTHER RÍOS, MARTA PÉREZ, JUAN CARLOS SANZ, ALBERTO DELGADO-IRIBARREN, ICIAR RODRÍGUEZ-AVIAL

Published: 16 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/107.2023

Objectives. We assessed the in vitro activity of delafloxacin and the synergy between cefotaxime and delafloxacin among cefotaxime non-susceptible invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (CNSSP).
Material and methods. A total of 30 CNSSP (cefotaxime MIC > 0.5 mg/L) were studied. Serotyping was performed by the Pneumotest-Latex and Quellung reaction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of delafloxacin, levofloxacin, penicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin and vancomycin were determined by gradient diffusion strips (GDS). Synergistic activity of delafloxacin plus cefotaxime against clinical S. pneumoniae isolates was evaluated by the GDS cross method.
Results. Delafloxacin showed a higher pneumococcal activity than its comparator levofloxacin (MIC50, 0.004 versus 0.75 mg/L and MIC90, 0.047 versus >32 mg/L). Resistance to delafloxacin was identified in 7/30 (23.3%) isolates, belonging to serotypes 14 and 9V. Synergy between delafloxacin and cefotaxime was detected in 2 strains (serotypes 19A and 9V). Antagonism was not observed. Addition of delafloxacin increased the activity of cefotaxime in all isolates. Delafloxacin susceptibility was restored in 5/7 (71.4%) strains.
Conclusions. CNSSP showed a susceptibility to delafloxacin of 76.7%. Synergistic interactions between delafloxacin and cefotaxime were observed in vitro among CNSSP by GDS cross method.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 158-162 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 134-148

Respiratory syncytial virus: A new era

JULIÁN RUIZ-GALIANA, RAFAEL CANTÓN, PILAR DE LUCAS RAMOS, ALEJANDRA GARCÍA-BOTELLA, ALBERTO GARCÍA-LLEDÓ, TERESA HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPELAYO, JAVIER GÓMEZ-PAVÓN, JUAN GONZÁLEZ DEL CASTILLO, MARI CRUZ MARTÍN-DELGADO, FRANCISCO JAVIER MARTÍN SÁNCHEZ, MANUEL MARTÍNEZ-SELLÉS, JOSÉ MARÍA MOLERO GARCÍA, SANTIAGO MORENO GUILLÉN, FERNANDO RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, ROSA RODRÍGUEZ FERNANDEZ, MARTA KESTLER, EMILIO BOUZA

Published: 11 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/147.2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major public health problem that has undergone significant changes in recent years. First of all, it has become easier to diagnose with highly reliable and rapidly available confirmatory tests. This has led to a better understanding of its epidemiology and RSV has gone from being a disease of the pediatric age group, severe only in infants and immunosuppressed children, to being a common disease in people of all ages, particularly important in patients of advanced age or with immunosuppressive diseases. Recent therapeutic and prophylactic advances, both with long-lasting monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, are another reason for satisfaction. For these reasons, the COVID and Emerging Pathogens Committee of the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid (ICOMEM) has considered it pertinent to review this subject in the light of new knowledge and new resources for dealing with this infection. We have formulated a series of questions that we believe will be of interest not only to members of the College but also to any non-expert in this subject, with a particular focus on the situation of RSV infection in Spain.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 134-148 [Full-text PDF]


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Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 121-126

Importance of National Influenza Centers in the surveillance of highly pathogenic avian viruses. The time for One-Health is now

IVÁN SANZ-MUÑOZ, JOSÉ M EIROS, MARTA HERNÁNDEZ

Published: 11 January 2024

http://www.doi.org/10.37201/req/137.2023

Since 1996, the highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype A(H5N1) has been causing almost uninterrupted outbreaks in wild and domestic birds, as well as cases in humans with a mortality rate close to 50%. However, the years of greatest circulation have been precisely the years following the COVID-19 pandemic, in which several cases have been recorded in humans in places where they had never appeared before, in addition to multiple cases in wild, domestic and peri-domestic mammals, which raise some concern about the risk that the virus may jump to humans through chains of transmission of greater or lesser extent. The current outbreak of A(H5N1) shows us that the One-Health concept should be more alive than ever to join efforts between professionals from different sectors of human, animal and environmental health to avoid or minimize these risks, so that reference laboratories such as the National Influenza Centers have the human and material resources to provide rapid and relevant information in the shortest possible time before emergencies of this type. The diagnostic and monitoring tools to be used in these cases must be available for any eventuality, and going beyond the basic data must be an indispensable premise to be able to carry out a detailed monitoring that serves to limit outbreaks, limit the spread of the disease, and help in the design of future pandemic vaccines against avian viruses.

Rev Esp Quimioter 2024; 37(2): 121-126 [Texto completo PDF]


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